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Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis, often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget--if you are shy, you are not the only one.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “genetic” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Passed down from parents.B.Learned from friends.
C.Taught by teachers.D.Made up by brothers.
【小题2】What can be learned from the passage?
A.Most little babies are born shy and quiet.
B.If you are shy now, you will be shy forever.
C.Many shy children have older brothers and sisters.
D.Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions.
【小题3】We can learn from the passage that _________ may cause shyness.
A.genetics, grow--ups and birthplaceB.genetics, family size and birthplace
C.family size, grown--ups and failureD.genetics, family size and freedom
【小题4】Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by _________.
A.blaming their failure on outside reasons
B.trying new things and practicing conversation
C.getting themselves away from their shy parents
D.trying to understand reasons for their shyness
【小题5】Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage?
A.B.C.D.
19-20九年级·浙江·开学考试
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Coffee and tea are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses.

Coffee started just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax.Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers.

People in China started to drink tea over 4000 years ago.Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health,using it to help with stress or losing weight*. However most people in tea-drinking countries think tea is more than a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is part of the culture. In Turkey, tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers.

Which is more common in your country, coffee or tea? Which do you like to drink more?

【小题1】The underlined phrase “get going” in Paragraph 2 means _______.
A.get thinnerB.keep workingC.say goodbyeD.have a break
【小题2】In Paragraph 3, the writer mentioned tea drinking in Turkey and the UK to show _______ .
A.tea is quite good for people’s health
B.people often drink tea at home and in offices
C.drinking tea plays an important part in the culture
D.tea is more common than coffee in many countries
【小题3】Which of the following is True according to the passage?
A.Coffee came much earlier than tea.
B.People usually love tea as much as coffee.
C.People in Turkey always drink tea to say sorry.
D.Something in coffee beans make people less tired.
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.The History of Tea and CoffeeB.The Price of Tea and Coffee
C.The Smell of Tea and CoffeeD.The Use of Tea and Coffee

Little birds talk with their sisters and brothers in their nest. They make a sound for food. Mum tells them to be quiet when danger(危险) comes. But now a new study finds: that kind of talk starts long before the babies are born. Even in the eggs, they can talk with each other and know when to get out or when to keep waiting.

To check that finding, a team of scientists from Spain watched unborn birds carefully in Salvora Island. Over there, sea birds have their eggs and minks(水貂) eat baby birds. So it is quite a dangerous place for baby birds. Knowing when to come out of the egg is important for baby birds to start their new life.

Scientists got some sea bird eggs and put them into two groups. When minks come, a parent bird will give calls to tell the baby birds that danger is coming. Scientists played those calls for one group. The other group stayed in another box and they would never hear such calls.

When scientists put all the eggs together, they found something surprising: after hearing those calls, the eggs vibrated(震动;抖动) more than the others. Those vibrations moved from one egg to another. It was just like there were ears in the eggs. It was clear that unborn birds talked with their sisters and brothers about danger.

【小题1】This passage is mainly about _______.
A.a magic eggB.a quiet animalC.a new studyD.two boxes
【小题2】Scientists watched unborn birds in Salvora Island because they wanted to _______.
A.check when birds start talkingB.keep the sea birds away from danger
C.take photos of beautiful sea birdsD.know when birds get out of their eggs
【小题3】Which of the following is the right order of how scientists did their research(研究)?
①got bird eggs          ②played the calls        ③put eggs together          ④put eggs in groups
A.①→②→③→④B.①→④→②→③
C.②→①→④→③D.②→①→③→④
【小题4】The best title for the passage might be _______.
A.Birds in DangerB.Love from Eggs
C.Birds and MinksD.Talk in the Eggs

①Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn’t it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating(飘移)in zero gravity.

②However, there are also plenty of things that astronauts can’t do because of zero gravity. They can’t even let their sadness show—because it’s impossible to cry in the weightless environment.

③Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space, reported The Atlantic in January. Without gravity, tears don’t flow(流)downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just stick to your eyes. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks. “Tears,” he said, “don’t fall off your eye... They just kind of stay there.”

④Besides making your vision(视线)unclear, this can also make your eyes painful. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes. But that’s not the case in space. The space environment dries out astronauts’ eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. “My right eye is hurt,” Feustel told his teammate during the walk.

⑤Since gravity doesn’t work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet(头盔)to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait “When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around,” astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.

⑥There are lots of small things—things like crying—that we are so used to on Earth. There, astronauts can’t eat or drink in normal ways. They can’t even burp(打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach.

⑦Perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you’re the best.”


根据语篇内容,选择最佳选项,并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。
【小题1】What does the phrase “zero gravity” mean in the second paragraph?
A.The weightless environment.B.An empty room.
C.The feeling of freedom.D.Terrible physical condition.
【小题2】Why can’t astronauts cry like they do on Earth?
A.Because they can not produce tears.B.Because there is no gravity in space.
C.Because it’s much drier in space.D.Because they wear special helmets.
【小题3】What do tears cause on astronauts?
A.They cause pain suddenly.B.They make their eyes healthier.
C.They make them see things clearly.D.They float around and cause trouble.
【小题4】What can we learn from Paragraph ⑤?
A.Things humans can do without gravity.B.The ways to deal with tears in space.
C.Feustel’s unforgettable experience in space.D.Advice on how to keep fit in space.
【小题5】What is the theme(主题)of the text?
A.Nature.B.Culture.C.Education.D.Safety.

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