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November 5 is World Tsunami(海啸) Awareness Day. Tsunami is a Japanese word for a long, destructive(摧毁性的) ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. The goal of the anniversary is to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the future. Two tsunamis in the last 15 years have changed the way people around the world think about these destructive events.

On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the coast of Indonesia caused tsunami waves that struck the coasts of four countries. An estimated(估计的) 230,000 people died and costs were in the billions of dollars. Then, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck northeastern Japan. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in that country. More than 18,000 people died. The tsunami also caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power center on the island of Honshu. Several nuclear reactors(核 反应堆) were severely(严重地) damaged and leaked(泄漏) radiation(辐射).

The two events caused people in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas to study and improve preparedness for disasters. This led to the SendaiFrameworkfor DisasterRiskReductionin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effort to raise awareness(提高意识) about disaster risks and to urge(催促) countries to assess(评估)how well they were prepared for them.

Willem Rampangilei is head of the Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia. He said Indonesia passed a law on disaster management after the 2004 tsunami. It led in 2008 to the creation of his agency. “Our responsibilities include reduction and preparedness, emergency response, as well as post-disaster recovery and reconstruction(重新建设),” he said. He added that 150 million Indonesians were at risk from earthquakes, 60 million from floods and four million from tsunamis.

Preparedness has spread beyond Asia. There are now early warning systems in place for the Caribbean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding(周围的) areas.

【小题1】What does the underlined word mean in the passage?
A．Knowledge.B．Preparation.C．Day of remembrance.D．Change.
【小题2】What do we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Natural disasters are too powerful for people to survive.
B．Earthquakes and tsunamis often take place on islands.
C．Nuclear reactors can be safe even if damaged in an earthquake.
D．Natural disasters can cause great losses to humans.
【小题3】One of the aims of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is .
A．to reduce the damage caused by disasters.B．to make people know more about disaster risks.
C．to help people get away from disasters.D．to help with the reconstruction after the disaster.
19-20九年级上·天津·阶段练习
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Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts (蝗虫) and they are eating everything in their path.
And now in order to fight against this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 5 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. “We think this idea will get more people to take part in the fight against the locusts,” said Abdoulaye Ba, from Sud-Fm, a radio station in one of Senegal’s worst affected area.
This is West Africa’s biggest locust disaster in 15 years. Now it is moving east and it leads to the loss of crops. When they move, they have babies, so their number is getting bigger. and will soon threaten (威胁) Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it may reach Asia.
Experts say many people in the areas will go hungry because of this disaster. What’s worse, governments in the areas don’t have enough things to fight the locusts.
Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not enough. ‘We are now treating 6,000 hectares (公顷) per day with pesticide (杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,’ said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, leader of locust control(控制) in Mauritania.
【小题1】What does“dark cloud”mean in the first para­graph, the writer of the article ___________.
A．wanted to show the size and speed(速度) of the coming locusts
B．wanted to show the great damage that locusts may cause
C．wanted that locusts could cover the continent like rain clouds
D．both A and B
【小题2】The locust disaster ________.
A．may be even more serious in Asia
B．is (was) such a big problem that people can’t do anything to solve it.
C．affected only the warning areas
D．can not be stopped if people can’t get more pesticide.
【小题3】How many kilograms of rice can Mike get if he catches and kills 450 kilos of locusts?
A．15B．25C．30D．45
【小题4】Which of the following is WRONG?
A．Sud-Fm offered a reward(奖励) to those people would join in catching and killing locusts.
B．Senegal is to the northwest of Sudan.
C．People in West Africa often go hungry.
D．12 countries worked together but they didn’t have enough pesticide.
【小题5】The story is mainly about ________.
A．Countries in West Africa worked together to fight a natural disaster
B．the difficulty in controlling locusts
C．how locusts caused great damage (破坏) to West Africa
D．a fight against a disaster brought by locusts in West Africa

Tornadoes(龙卷风) are one of the worst weather events on earth. Each year, tornadoes kill many people. The storms often carry homes, cars and trees from one place to another. And they can alsodestroyanything when they pass by.

A tornado comes from a thunderstorm(雷雨) in the sky down to the ground. It is big at the top and small at the bottom.

A tornado appears when winds in different directions meet in the cloud and begin to turn in circles. People can see tornadoes almost everywhere in the world. But most happen from late winter to middle summer. There is a second high season in November. During spring, warm air moves north and mixes with the cold air left from winter. In November, the opposite happens. Cold air moves south and mixes with the warm air left from summer.

Tornadoes always come suddenly. Weather scientists have done something to predict(预测) tornadoes. But the storms often move too fast for people to protect themselves. Last year, tornadoes killed more than one hundred people in United States.

Scientists say the best place to be in is a small room, without windows, in the middle the lowest part of a building when tornadoes come.


根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
【小题1】According to the passage, we know the shape of the tornadoes may be like ______.
A．B．C．D．

【小题2】In the United States, most tornadoes happen _____.
A．from late summer to middle summer
B．from late autumn to middle winter
C．from late autumn to middle spring
D．from late winter to middle summer
【小题3】According to Paragraph 4, tornadoes appear when ______.
A．warm air and cold air mix
B．cold air and cold air mix
C．warm air and warm air mix
D．warm water and cold water mix
【小题4】What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “destroy”?
A．保护B．珍惜C．毁灭D．惩罚
【小题5】From the passage, we know that ______.
A．the United States has very few tornadoes
B．tornadoes are one of the worst weather events in the world
C．people should stay in big rooms with windows when tornadoes come
D．more than one thousand people were killed by tornadoes in the USA last year

【小题1】Delegates from nearly 200 countries have spent the past two weeks in Warsaw, Poland. More than 9,000 representatives gathered for a United Nations conference on climate change. Organizers called the meeting to work toward a treaty to fight rising temperatures on our planet. The treaty would be signed in 2015 and take effect after 2020.
【小题2】It doesn’t matter whether you play a guitar, a piano, a horn, or a drum. And what kind of music you play is not important. Just play it! It will do good things for your body. The research at Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument is good for your brain. And although our ears may not work well as we age, the brain remembers how to "Iock onto" the important sounds. And that helps us to hear better.
【小题3】Powerful, intense fires have been burning out of control in parts of the western United States. In a new report, scientists are predicting more and bigger wildfires over bigger areas and for longer periods in the western United States. Scientists at Harvard University in Massachusetts looked at past weather conditions and wildfires to find out why. Atmospheric chemist Loretta Mickley is a researcher and helped to organize a new study. She says high temperatures and rainfall in other years can create the conditions for large fires.
【小题4】The western state of California is known for wildfires. This year the fire season has been extremely active. California has some of the most experienced firefighters in the country because of its high risk of fire. Prisoners who have no history of violent crime and are in good physical condition may train and work as firefighters. They may get their prison sentences reduced in exchange for their help fighting fires. But that is not the only appeal of the work program, says Louie Orozco, who was sentenced to prison for robbery.
【小题5】Americans have been volunteering to make a difference around the world through the Peace Corps for more than 50 years. A community development program for the United States began 20 years ago. Its name is AmeriCorps. And now, another volunteer effort is making a difference in people’s lives with music.
阅读以上5段材料，然后与下面各标题相匹配，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
A．Working to fight climate change
B．Rising temperatures could mean more wildfires
C．Prisoners in California help fight wildfires
D．Music and the human brain
E．Volunteers bring music to those in need

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