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Everybody knows that Earth spins from west to east. That is to say, it appears to be spinning counterclockwise(逆时针) when viewed from above the North Pole.
But what if Earth started spinning the other way?
Scientists from Germany have made a computer simulation(模拟) in which Earth spins in the opposite direction – clockwise when viewed from above the North Pole. This showed them some interesting things about the weather and topography (地形地貌) on Earth, Live Science reported.
As Earth spins in a counterclockwise direction, it shapes ocean currents(洋流). The direction of the spin, together with wind, produces different weather around the globe(全球).
But a backwards(逆向的) spin changes the ocean currents and winds. Therefore, the climate(气候) is different. Western areas of continents(大陆) on Earth cool down as the eastern parts warm up. Winters become even colder in northwestern Europe, while eastern Russia becomes warmer than before. Rain no longer falls on the planet’s wettest places.
Another result of a backward spin is that Earth becomes greener. Scientists found that global desert(沙漠) coverage(范围) shrank(缩小) from 42 million square kilometers to 31 million square kilometers. This may have something to do with the changing climate.
Therefore, you can see lush(郁郁葱葱的), green landscapes from Central Africa to the Middle East, which are mostly covered by deserts now. More surprisingly, the Sahara Desert becomes an oasis(绿洲).
___________. They just appear in some places that they never appeared in before. Deserts would cover North America, where countries like the United States and Canada lie. Sand dunes(沙丘) would replace the Amazon rainforest in South America.
A backward spin would keep the major characteristics of Earth’s topography, such as the size, shapes and positions of continents and oceans. But it would also change the interactions between circulating(环流) air, ocean and topography, lead scientist Florian Ziemen told Live Science.
【小题1】What condition did the German scientists use for the simulation?
A.Earth spins from east to west.B.Earth spins from west to east.
C.The North Pole is turned upside down.D.Earth moves around the South Pole.
【小题2】Why would the climate be different if Earth spins backwards?
A.Because there won’t be any more large oceans.
B.Because the ocean currents and winds will be changed.
C.Because it will change the amount of sunlight that Earth can receive.
D.Because Earth will become greener without deserts.
【小题3】What will a backwards spin bring to the Earth?
A.Winters will become colder.B.No rain will fall in summer.
C.Eastern Russia will become warmer.D.The Sahara Desert will become smaller.
【小题4】The story tells us that _____.
A.Earth used to spin in the opposite direction
B.a backwards spin would cause interesting changes on Earth
C.global desert coverage has been shrinking(缩小)
D.a backwards spin would change Earth’s topography completely
【小题5】Which of the following sentences can be put at the beginning of the eighth paragraph?
A.Sadly, deserts would cover North America.
B.Luckily, deserts would disappear.
C.Anyway, deserts would replace the Amazon rainforest.
D.However, deserts don’t disappear.
18-19九年级下·江苏泰州·阶段练习
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AI is a double-edged sword. It can help us, but also cause us harm. Who is using AI? Is AI replacing humans? What should we do to avoid the risks and dangers that AI might bring?

Artificial intelligence is set to benefit mankind in many ways. It will make everyday tasks easier and bring efficiency to various industries. It might just prove to be one of man’s greatest inventions.

And yet, like any other technology, . In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that “Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too,” according to Quartz.

Their biggest concern was that criminals (罪犯) could use AI for wrongful purposes. One of the areas they looked at was the use of AI to create websites that could be used to steal people’s personal information. Another possibility is that AI programs could be taught to hack software and break into computer secure systems.

There are some other concerns as well. It is possible that AI could be used to create fake images and videos. Chinese tech giant Baidu, in fact, has developed a program called Deep Voice that can “clone” anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample.

Many leading figures in the tech world have expressed concern about AI. People like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly regulated, as there are few laws right now on the use of AI.

However, this is set to change. In March 2018, the European Union plans to set up a group that will discuss the moral and ethical dangers of advanced AI – and hopefully, suggest some regulations that will help us keep it safe for mankind.

【小题1】Which of the following can be put in in Paragraph 3?
A.AI makes our life easierB.AI will also bring risks
C.AI is around us everydayD.AI beats human in many ways
【小题2】We can infer from the passage that ________.
A.there may be new laws to regulate the use of AI.
B.AI will bring more harm than benefit to mankind.
C.many AI programmers will become criminals.
D.there will only be fake news and videos online.
【小题3】This passage is written mainly to ________.
A.tell readers that AI is a new inventionB.introduce what AI is really about
C.show that AI also has disadvantagesD.suggest some rules for AI

We can see lots of different kinds of food with different colors on our dining tables. Doctors and our parents always ask us to eat lots of green vegetables, because they are healthy for us. It’s also good for us to have food in other colors. For example (例如), we can have red food like tomatoes and carrots, yellow food like bananas, brown food like chocolate and orange food like oranges. Most people like to eat red food.

But what about blue food?

A food company (公司) has a test. The workers put (放) the color blue in its candies (糖果). Children like the color blue very much, so would they like the blue candies? The test finds that children don’t like them at all. They still like red, green, brown, yellow and orange candies.

How many kinds of blue fruits or vegetables do you know? You can see a little blue food in your life. People may think blue is not a food color and that it’s not safe (安全的) or healthy to eat the food that is blue. People find many blue plants are poisonous, and animals are afraid to eat them. This is why people don’t often use blue when they make drinks, cakes and other food.

【小题1】What kind of food doesn’t the writer mention (提到) in the passage?
A.Green food.B.Yellow food.C.Purple food.D.Orange food.
【小题2】What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.Different food colors in the world.B.A test on blue candies.
C.An old but great food company.D.Children’s favorite candies.
【小题3】What can we know from the passage?
A.People don’t like to eat blue food.B.Having blue food can help us to relax.
C.People often use blue fruit to make drinks.D.Children like blue candies very much.
【小题4】What does the underlined word “poisonous” mean in Chinese?
A.环保的B.芳香的C.柔软的D.有毒的
【小题5】In which part of a magazine (杂志) can we read the passage?
A.Habits and Likes.B.Colors and Food.C.Health and Sports.D.Jobs and Hobbies.

People with type AB blood may have a higher risk of heart illness compared with those whose blood type is O, according to a new study.

Scientists reviewed two studies that tracked (追踪) nearly 90,000 people for more than 20 years and found that heart illness risk varied (呈现差异)with blood type. People with type O blood had the lowest incidence (几率) of heart illness, and compared with them, those with type AB blood were 23% more likely, and people with A were 5% more likely.

“While people cannot change their blood type, our findings may help doctors better understand who is at risk for developing heart illness,” said study author (作者) Dr. Lu Qi, working at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.

The scientists considered two Harvard studies, one that tracked 62,000 women over 26 years, and one that tracked 27,400 men over 24 years. In all, more than 2,500 people were found with heart illness.

However, further research is needed. In order to reduce heart disease risk, people should exercise, eat right and keep their weight.

In the United States, 45% of people have type O blood, making it the most common blood type. Only 4% of the U.S. population has type AB blood, while about 40% has type A and about 11% has type B.


阅读短文,根据短文内容选择最佳选项。
【小题1】Scientists from ________ found that blood type may influence heart illness.
A.CanadaB.AmericaC.German
【小题2】People with ________ blood are the most likely to have heart disease.
A.Type OB.Type AC.Type AB
【小题3】________ people were found with heart illness in the two studies.
A.About 3.6%B.Over 3%C.Nearly 2.8%
【小题4】People can’t reduce heart disease risk by ________.
A.eating rightB.taking medicineC.keeping their weight
【小题5】In America people who have type B blood are ________.
A.more than people who have type O blood
B.as many as people who have type A blood
C.only a small part of the U.S. population

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