Language students often think they have memory problems. They worry because they can’t remember words. In fact, the problem usually isn’t with their memory. The problem is with how they study.
To remember words better, you need to understand how memory works. There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. When you see, hear, or read something, it goes first into short-term memory. But short-term memory lasts for only a few seconds. You will only remember something longer if it goes into long-term memory. Your long-term memory is like a very big library with many, many books. And like a library, it’s organized(有条理的).When you put away a book-or memory-you can’t just leave it anywhere. You have to choose a place where you can find it again.
How can you do this with vocabulary? The answer is to work with the word and think about the word in new ways. You can do this by writing new sentences that include it. Even better, you can invent a little story about the word, with people or places that you know. Another way is to make a picture in your mind with the word. For example, if the word is height, you can think of the tallest person you know and try to guess his or her height. All of these activities are good ways to think about words. They make the meaning of words stronger in your long-term memory. And they give a way to find a word when you need it.
【小题1】the writer’s opinion, students can’t remember words because ______.A.they have memory problems |
B.they’re too worried |
C.they don’t use a proper way |
D.they don’t like to study |
A.Short-term memory is seldom used. |
B.What we see goes into long-term memory first. |
C.We will forget a word soon if it goes into short-term memory. |
D.We will never forget a word if it goes into long-term memory. |
A.keeps many books like a large library |
B.works like a well-organized library |
C.provides any book you want |
D.leaves memory anywhere |
A.Making sentences with the word. |
B.Listening to some familiar stories. |
C.Talking with people that you know. |
D.Drawing pictures of the word on paper. |
A.language students’ problems in study |
B.how to make the meaning of words stronger |
C.short-term and long-term memory |
D.how to improve ways to remember words |
When you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying “No”. You nod (点头) and people know you are saying “Yes”. Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the door helps you where to go in or out. Have you ever thought that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive message from them all the time? People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his drawing to tell beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books are written to tell about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books and magazines, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others. They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.
【小题1】People communicate ________.
A.with words only | B.in many different ways |
C.in letters and drawings | D.with smiles, tears and hands |
A.questions | B.examples | C.tears and smiles | D.messages |
A.Books and magazines. | B.TV and films. | C.Newspapers. | D.Radio. |
A.understand the world and the people around you |
B.teach each other to speak, write, read and draw |
C.know what other people are thinking about |
D.understand what is happening |
A.Signs Carry Messages | B.The important Communication |
C.Words, Signs and Drawing | D.Ways of Communication |
The advice to “let go” of negative(消极的)feelings is repeated in yoga classes and self-help books. Now a new study suggests it really brings lasting health advantages. Those who had a hard time getting over daily troubles had more physical health problems ten years later.
If you are likely to think over daily troubles—running through every “what if” and “if only”—it makes you feel that’s a big deal. Maddux said, “You probably find you feel even worse after a night of thinking. If that cycle is repeated over time, it will wear you down.”
The study results are based on 1,155 people who took in a national health study. Each day, the people described their feeling changes over the past 24 hours. During the 10-year mark, only 17 percent of the people have no physical health problems, and only 20 percent are satisfied with their physical strength. But those who always say they have negative feelings because of daily troubles are more likely to have the physical problems, the finding showed.
People can be likely to have bad feelings for a longer time for many reasons. For some people, worries or anger could drive it. Many others naturally have a more nervous feeling or are likely to think over and over again. But even if you are born to be negative, that can be changed.
“Yes, it’s hard to ‘let go’,” Leger said. But people can develop that skill through practice, in which you train the mind to pay attention to the present, rather than worries about the past.
“Paying attention to the present, especially on things you are grateful for, has been shown to have several advantages,” Leger said.
【小题1】What does the study result show us?A.About 200 people have no physical health problems. |
B.During 24 hours, people never change their feelings. |
C.1,155 people say they have physical health problems. |
D.Only 20% don’t feel quite good about their physical strength. |
A.reading self-help books | B.thinking something for a night |
C.Training their physical strength | D.developing skills through practice |
A.introduce different kinds of negative feelings |
B.help people know about the national health study |
C.teach readers the ways to let the negative feelings go |
D.ask people not to think over too much about the daily troubles |
A.Negative feelings | B.Physical health problems |
C.Worrying about the past | D.Paying attention to the present |
Two copied volumes(册)of an ancient Chinese encyclopedia sold for more than $9 million at auction(拍卖会)on Tuesday. The encyclopedia, known as Yongle Dadian, was first ordered to make by Yongle Emperor(皇帝), the third ruler(统治者)of the Ming Dynasty(朝代)from 1402 to 1424. More than 2, 000 scholars(学者)worked on the encyclopedia between 1404 and 1408.
Yongle Dadian is the largest encyclopedia in the world. In 1562, Jiajing Emperor, the 11th Ming Dynasty ruler, ordered two copies of the encyclopedia to be made, but the original(最初的)was lost because of many wars, thefts(盗窃)and fires that happened under the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644).
While the two volumes sold on Tuesday are copies, they are very rare(稀有的), with fewer than 400 volumes left in the world. The books, which were 20 inches by 12 inches, were written in red and black ink(墨水)on paper. Although printing techniques(技术)had been developed at that time, the encyclopedia was written by hand because of its length. Finally, the two volumes were bought and the final price was $9. 428 million. Most of people were surprised at the high price.
【小题1】Who first had the idea of making Yongle Dadian?A.Many Chinese people. | B.Yongle Emperor. | C.Many scholars. | D.Jiajing Emperor. |
A.Because of thefts. | B.Because of floods. | C.Because of wars. | D.Because of fires. |
A.happy | B.sad | C.surprised | D.excited |
A.they were so rare | B.they just wanted the black ink |
C.they had very special length | D.printing techniques had not been developed |
A.About 2, 000 scholars worked on it. | B.It’s the second largest encyclopedia in the world. |
C.The two volumes sold on Tuesday are original. | D.Jiajing Emperor ordered to make two copies. |
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