①Anger often makes us uncomfortable. Seeing your child’s anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents will often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about?” It’s moments like these that plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. If a child never sees his or her parent express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if a parent always expresses their anger loudly, the child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. So we should learn how to create healthier anger in our kids.

②The first thing you can do to create healthier anger in your children is to practice creating healthier anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids.

③Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you   are wrong. When children express their feelings and are told that it’s nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad.

④We need to raise them in an environment where it’s safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kid expresses anger, help them examine what it is that has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then, you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of our feelings are in our control.

⑤Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.

People always work together to get shared goals, while researchers are busy working out how to make the teamwork work well. Now, two American researchers, Suzanne Bell and Eduardo Salas, have studied the “the Science of Teamwork”.

There are some important findings in their study. “The more you understand the science behind the teamwork, the better your teams will be,” says Bell, a university teacher.

A team’s success often comes from its composition (组成) as Bell describes in her findings. Surface-level factors (表层因素) of team members—such as age, nationality and cultural backgrounds can be important to the team’s result.

However, the “deep-level” factors have a bigger influence (影响) on reaching the goal, such as the abilities, ideas, and feelings of the members. For example, if the goal is to make a new instrument, it’s a good idea to build a team with different thinkers who bring a lot of knowledge, ideas and abilities to the project. But if a team’s goal is to finish the work quickly, different ideas might be less important. If a team member thinks the project will not have a good result, his feelings could badly influence the whole group. That’s because feelings can spread in a team.

Salas also describes useful ways for improving teamwork in their study. “Team building is the best way to train teams,” Salas says. But the results of such programs are not the same.

If you send a group of leaders into the mountains for two days, they might have fun and learn from each other—but it doesn’t mean they’ll magically develop new teamwork skills. “Team training works when we make them experience real teamwork, such as cleaning up a park or writing a report on a project.” Salas says.

Although there is still more work to do to understand teamwork, this study will encourage people to improve their teams in new ways by using science.

Do you know something about tree rings (年轮)? Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like even hundreds of years ago?

A tree will grow well in a climate (气候) with lots of sunshine and rainfall (雨量). And little sunshine or rainfall will limit (限制) the growth of a tree. We can see the change of the climate by studying the tree rings. For example, if you want to find out the weather of ten years ago, you should count (数数) the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is close to the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.

Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of the weather but also for studying the history of man. Many years ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand but no trees, no people. What happened?

A scientist studied the rings of the dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. Because all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.