Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers (激光器) to change the path of lightning (闪电). The experiment was carried out on Santis mountain in Switzerland, near a TV tower that’s hit by lightning about 100 times a year.
Lightning can cause serious problems on the ground. It can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. Scientists have been trying to find a way to protect buildings from lightning for a long time.
Now, the best way is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. They are connected to the ground and can safely guide the electricity into the ground. ★ If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. Some buildings—such as airports—are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods.
Another idea is to use lasers to guide lightning. It isn’t new. Scientists have been working on the idea for over 20 years. They have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory. But scientists haven’t been able to make it outside until recently. Scientist Matteo Clerici wasn’t part of the experiment, but he also studies guiding electricity. He said, “The fact that they managed to do it in an outdoor environment is really a very big step.”
Although they have made great progress, the laser still didn't guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance (距离). The laser is also very dear. The scientists say it costs about $2 billion. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser is truly able to protect large buildings.
【小题1】Why do scientists try to change the path of lightning?A.To collect electricity. | B.To avoid great losses. |
C.To test special lasers. | D.To save building costs. |
A.But they often fail to guide lightning. |
B.But they can cause damage to the ground. |
C.But these rods can only protect a small area. |
D.But these rods only work on large buildings. |
A.It’s worrying. | B.It’s exciting. | C.It’s creative. | D.It’s unexpected. |
A.Expensive. | B.Popular. | C.Traditional. | D.Dangerous. |
A.Weather. | B.Travel. | C.Environment. | D.Technology. |
There is lots of junk (垃圾) in space. Some of it is from rockets. In 1996, a rocket broke into about 300,000 small pieces. So far scientists have found many man-made pieces flying around in space. Only a few of them are satellites and space probes (探测器). Astronauts also lose small things while working in space. In 1965, during the first American spacewalk, astronaut Edward H. White lost a glove. For a month, the glove stayed in space, travelling at a speed of 28,000 kilometres per hour. It became the most dangerous piece of clothing for the earth in history.
Things move very fast in space. If they hit one another it can be dangerous. A little piece of paint from a satellite once made a hole in a spacecraft window. Once American spacecraft dropped some bolts (螺栓), and scientists on the earth worried a lot. Luckily the bolts floated (漂浮) away into space. They could not hit the spacecraft.
【小题1】Some junk in space is from ________.A.space | B.rockets | C.scientists | D.the earth |
A.a rocket | B.some bolts | C.a little piece of paint | D.a glove |
A.300,000 | B.28,000 | C.10,000 | D.21,000 |
A.great | B.safe | C.interesting | D.dangerous |
A.a scientist | B.a bolt | C.a probe | D.a hole |
Taking selfies (自拍) is popular with different ages of people nowadays around the world. There are many things to consider while taking selfies, such as lighting, settings and so on. Sometimes, we may add a second character—a wild animal. However, trying to get too close to wildlife for a photo may cause many problems.
The selfie might harm the animal. For example, when sea turtles come up on the beach to rest or nesting (筑巢), it’s always a big attraction for tourists to take photos. But that kind of attention is extremely harmful to them. The action of selfie may drive them away from the beach, which can possibly make them easier to be attacked or reduce their chance of nesting success. So harm can be caused even without touching the animal.
The selfie might make people get hurt. Even if the animal seems calm and friendly, there is a chance that you will end up in the hospital. Some people think Yellowstone’s famous bison are just big-shouldered cows. Wrong! They are wild animals! In 2015, a 16-year-old tourist was knocked over by a bison as she tried to take a selfie with it.
The selfie might raise moral (道德) problems, too. When you pay to take photos or swim with dolphins, you can get an amazing experience. In fact, the dolphins may be trained many times by cruel methods for this. It also causes the dolphins to lose much needed rest.
The selfie might cause legal (法律的) trouble. When you post your selfie photos or videos with wildlife online, you might get into trouble with the law. That’s because you are breaking laws on protecting wildlife and endangered animals.
So, next time when you want to take selfies with wildlife, think twice!
【小题1】We can know taking selfies ________ according to the passage.A.with dolphins is badly against the law | B.with calm and friendly animals is safe |
C.with turtles can influence their nesting |
A.By giving examples. | B.By making surveys. | C.By listing numbers. |
A.care | B.accept | C.question |
A.To call on people to say no to take selfies. |
B.To show tourists some useful ways of taking selfies. |
C.To draw people’s attention on taking selfies with wildlife. |
A. As the first collection of poems (诗歌) in China, The Book of Songs records 305 poems. A lot of them are about farming activities. B. The Book of Tea was written by Lu Yu. It is about the history and culture of tea. It describes how to grow the tea plants and make tea. C. The Art of War was written by Su Wu more than 2,000 years ago. It mainly tells people how to solve problems in a good way. D. History as a Mirror is an important Chinese history book. It includes many real history of famous persons. The work tells us much in the past. E. Xu Xiake is a famous travel writer in the Ming Dynasty. He traveled to many beautiful places around China and kept many diaries along the way. The diaries were put into a book—Travels of Xu Xiake. F. The Songs of Chu covers themes of love, nature and the hard work of Chu people in the 4th century BC. Its most important part is Li Sao, written by Qu Yuan. G. Many people think The Classic of Mountains and Seas is about geography. Actually, it’s a book full of strange stories. Many children like it. |
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