Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28th. Although he lived over 2000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time, only children from noble families could afford to go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’s lessons. He told us that we all have something important to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities (品质) and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的) . All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with his thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others,” he said.
【小题1】Today we still remember Confucius mainly because he ______.A.lived a poor life in his childhood | B.had great opinions and thoughts about education |
C.traveled with his students from state to state | D.lived during the Spring and Autumn Period |
A.by teaching himself at home | B.with the help of his mother |
C.by going to school | D.by visiting many famous teachers |
A.学而时习之,不亦说乎 。 | B.人无远虑,必有近忧。 |
C.敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之“文”也。 | D.三人行,必有我师也,择其善者而从之。 |
① Confucius worked to help his mother as a child.
② Confucius educated about 3000 students in his lifetime.
③ Confucius’s father died.
④ Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history.
A.③①④② | B.②③④① | C.③①②④ | D.④③①② |
During the Han Dynasty, there was a historian named Sima Qian. One day, the emperor got a message that the captain from northern China. It said that the general (将军) Li Ling had given in (投降) to the enemy. The emperor was very angry with Li Ling. But Sima Qian didn’t say a word.
The emperor asked Sima Qian what he thought about the matter. He answered, “The enemy has 30,000 soldiers, but Li has only 5,000 men. He has been fighting hard for more than ten days. Li only gave in because they had run out of food. I believe he is waiting for another chance to attack.”
When the emperor heard his words, he got even angrier. He punished Sima Qian badly. Sima Qian felt so humiliated (受辱的) that he once wanted to kill himself. But in a letter to his friend, “If I die now, it’s like one hair falling from nine cows. I don’t want to die like a nobody. I will first finish the history book that I am writing.
Later, Sima Qian did finish the book, Records of the Grand Historian (《史记》)
【小题1】Why was the emperor angry according to Paragraph 1?A.Because Li Ling gave in to Sima Qian’s army. |
B.Because Sima Qian didn’t say a word for Li Ling. |
C.Because Li Ling gave up fighting with the enemy. |
D.Because Sima Qian sent a message to the emperor. |
a.Sima Qian decided to keep on writing his history book.
b.Sima Qian didn’t say a word for Li Ling.
c.Sima Qian showed his belief in Li Ling to the emperor.
d.Sima Qian wanted to kill himself.
e.Sima Qian was punished badly by the emperor.
A.c-b-e-d-a | B.c-e-d-a-b |
C.b-c-e-a-d | D.b-c-e-d-a |
A.He didn’t want to die like hair falling from nine cows. |
B.His life would be different if he died after being punished. |
C.His life was a tiny part of something much more important. |
D.He wanted to become one hair falling from nine cows. |
A.Kind and helpful. |
B.Brave and clever. |
C.Friendly and gentle. |
D.Polite and honest. |
Modesty(谦逊) is a valuable quality in many cultures around the world. In China, this is no different. However, the phrase “毛遂自荐” seems to disagree with this.
During the Warring States Period, the Qin army marched(进军) on Handan. Seeing that Handan was in danger, Prince Pingyuan sought help from the state of Chu. He wanted to pick 20 talented people to go with him. However, he could only find 19 people who were good enough. Then, a man named Mao Sui volunteered.
Prince Pingyuan looked at Mao Sui with doubt, “How long have you been here with me?”
“Three years,” Mao Sui answered.
“I hear that a person with talent is like an awl(锥子) in a cloth bag. Its sharp point will soon pierce(戳) through the bag. You’ve been here for a long time, but I haven’t seen any of your achievements. Maybe you don’t have any talent.” said Prince Pingyuan.
“What I’m asking you now is to put me into that bag. If you do that, I will pierce through it. But not only the point—the whole awl,” Mao Sui said confidently.
Impressed, Prince Pingyuan allowed Mao to join his team, and Mao proved very helpful. Now the phrase “Mao Sui recommending himself” is used to describe someone who volunteers to do a task.
However, there is a fine line between self-confidence and arrogance(傲慢). It’s important to believe in yourself, but a strong ego can harm your career and professional relationships. So we recommend letting your work speak for itself.
【小题1】Where was Mao Sui from?A.Qin. | B.Chu. | C.Handan. | D.Pingyuan. |
A.Show modesty. | B.Feel unconfident. | C.Be professional. | D.Volunteering for a task. |
A.putting an awl into a bag | B.putting Mao Sui into a bag |
C.letting Mao Sui join the army | D.refusing Mao Sui |
A.Modesty isn’t a valuable quality. | B.Mao Sui was a confident person. |
C.Prince Pingyuan didn’t like Mao Sui. | D.The writer thinks we should have a strong ego. |
In the Warring States Period, there were many shining names in the river of the history, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were among them. Both of them were generals of the State of Zhao. They both contributed a lot to their country. Lian Po was good at fighting against enemies in the war while Lin Xiangru was strong in providing wise suggestions for the king.
One day, Lin Xiangru took a lot of trouble to get a valuable jade (壁) back for the king. Then the king highly praised him. Lian Po felt unhappy and said, “I’ll make Lin Xiangru feel ashamed and foolish the next time I meet him.” Lin Xiangru heard of this from others. In order not to cause trouble, he tried his best to avoid meeting Lian Po. Because Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first, he thought that any trouble between him and Lian Po would be used by the enemy of their country. So he kept silent.
Later when Lian Po realized his mistake, he was so ashamed that he went to Lin Xiangru’s home carrying brambles on his back and asked for punishment. Lin Xiangru welcomed him warmly and considered him as his best friend.
【小题1】Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were both ________.A.kings | B.soldiers | C.generals | D.enemies |
A.said sorry to Lian Po | B.told the king | C.kept silent | D.visited Lian Po |
A.the king preferred Lian Po to Lin Xiangru | B.Lian Po didn’t realize his mistake at last |
C.Lian Po got a valuable jade back for the king | D.Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first |
A.![]() | B.![]() | C.![]() | D.![]() |
A.Friendly and kind. | B.Wise and generous. | C.Humorous and helpful. | D.Outgoing and hard-working. |
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