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Why did ancient Chinese emperors call themselves zhen (朕) or guaren (寡人)? Research shows that the word zhen used to be a first-person pronoun. Before the Qin Dynasty, it meant “I” or “me” and everyone from farmers to state rulers could use it. The word can be found in books like Li Sao and Shi Jing.

However, when the state of Qin defeated all the other six states and unified China, Qinshihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, changed how this word could be used. He made it a rule that the word zhen could only be used by the emperor himself. Since then, it has been kept only for rulers.

Chinese emperors also called themselves guaren, In ancient China, emperors regarded themselves as the “Sons of Heaven”, and believed they had a “Mandate of Heaven” to rule. However, if the “Son of Heaven” was found to have poor morals (德行), they would lose the mandate, So, the rulers used the phrase guaren or guadezhiren, meaning “a person who doesn’t have morality”. In this way, they could show their modesty (谦虚). In Chinese culture, people should not talk proudly about their own abilities and beliefs. Modesty is seen as a virtue (美德). Ancient rulers hoped to win people’s hearts by calling themselves guaren.

However, historical records show that guaren lost its popularity after the Tang Dynasty. The emperors of the following dynasties used zhen more often.

【小题1】Why does the writer start the passage with a question?
A.To attract (吸引) readers’ interest.B.To describe a famous person.
C.To help readers understand an idea.D.To tell the background of the writer.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The state of Qin.B.Chinese history.C.The word zhen.D.The phrase guaren.
【小题3】Why did Chinese emperors call themselves guaren?
A.Because they were lonely.B.Because they had poor morals.
C.Because they were sons of heaven.D.Because they wanted to win people’s hearts.
【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A.Before the Qin Dynasty, zhen meant “I” or “me” and only rulers could use it.
B.In ancient China, emperors regarded themselves as the “Sons of Heaven”.
C.In Chinese culture, people should talk proudly about their abilities and beliefs.
D.Historical records show that guaren was still popular after the Tang Dynasty.
【小题5】In which part of a magazine can you read the text?
A.Art.B.History.C.Sports.D.Science.
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April 20, 2022 was Guyu, one of the 24 solar terms, and the 13th United Nations “Chinese Language Day”. A one-hour special event was held online to mark it. People around the world were invited to express their love and interest for Chinese language and culture through short videos.

Chinese has a a long history. It has shaped other languages in Asia, just like the way Latin has shaped languages in the West. With this history, will Chinese have a surprising future?

At present, over one billion people speak Chinese in the world—far more than any other language’s speakers. It is the language of the country which is the world’s second largest economy. Chinese people are found studying and doing business all over the world.

In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain? We must look at the economic and political power of China, which is increasing every day. As we all know, world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economy. French and English are important because of the power of the countries that speak those languages.

Foreign interest in Chinese has developed of Chinese economy. Chinese has become one of the most important and popular languages around the world.

As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture to work and study in China, and to do business with Chinese companies. Chinese will one day become an international language.


根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
【小题1】In which way is Chinese similar to Latin?
A.They both have influenced other languages.
B.Both languages have over one billion speakers.
C.They both have a long history and bright future.
D.Both languages are spoken only by people in Asia.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “definitely” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?
A.渐渐地B.肯定地C.完全地D.真实地
【小题3】What is the relationship between the language and economy?
A.The more important the language is, the stronger the economy will be.
B.The stronger the economy is, the less important the language will be.
C.The more important the language is, the weaker the economy will be.
D.The stronger the economy is, the more important the language will be.
【小题4】What does the writer think of the future of Chinese?
A.Hopeful.B.Unclear.C.Difficult.D.Doubtful.
【小题5】What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Chinese will be more important as China develops.
B.Chinese will be the only language in the world.
C.Chinese has become the most popular languages around the world.
D.Chinese has shaped all the languages in the world.
左栏是五个人的情况介绍,右栏是七个英语习语及其解释,请为每个人选择一个合适的习语描述他/她的情况。
【小题1】Jack always complains about everything and asks his friends for help. Soon his friends are all tired of him.
【小题2】Jenny was invited to a Japanese family to have dinner last night. She was told to take off her shoes before entering the house. It is quite different from that in her own country.
【小题3】Tom is not good at math, so he always asks his brother for help. Instead of telling him the answer directly, his brother teaches him the way to learn math well.
【小题4】Kate is an outgoing girl. She’s always ready to help others in need. She’s happy after helping others. Both her friends and classmates like her very much.
【小题5】Although Michael is in his seventies, he keeps learning something new every day. In his opinion, learning is a lifelong thing. He always learns with his best friends in the park.
A. The rose’s in her hand, the flavor in mine. When you give something beautiful away, you get something beautiful. You can get happiness by helping others.
B. Never complain of life, and attitude is the first. Be a positive person. Talk about the good things in your life. No one wants to be troubled all the time.
C. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you. It is bad to make others do what you don’t want to do.
D. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. When you go to a place, you follow the customs of the place, and do as the local people do. It can help you to understand and respect each other’s cultures and avoid causing unnecessary trouble and hurting yourself by acting against local customs.
E. Never too old to learn. There are many things we need to learn. Learning is endless, whether you’re young or old.
F. Practice makes perfect. It means if you get enough practice, you’ll get the hang of something and get better at it.
G. It is better to teach a man to fish than to give him fish. It means not just giving the fish, but telling him the way to catch fish. In this way, he can always have fish to eat.

Several months ago, Tom moved to a town in a foreign country. He liked the local people and the life there. But he had trouble understanding the sayings that local people used.

One day, they invited Tom to a party. Tom heard someone say, “Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched (孵化).” Not understanding the words, Tom laughed and said, “Who will count chickens? They’re everywhere!” The room was silent for a moment. Then people started laughing loudly.

That made Tom sorry, but he didn’t stop trying. At the end of the party, an old man looked out of the window and said, “It’s raining cats and dogs outside. We need to stay here a little longer.” Tom began to worry about the animals. He advised, “Shall we go out and save them?” People laughed again.

Tom felt silly and decided to learn more sayings from the locals. He spent the next few weeks learning them. “These sayings are more than just words; they’re a part of their culture and life,” Tom thought.

At the next party, Tom wanted to try one more time. When people were discussing the plan for their yearly festival, he said, “Let’s not put all our eggs in one basket.” This time, he used the saying correctly. The local people agreed with him. Tom felt a sense of achievement.

【小题1】What was Tom’s problem?
A.He always caused trouble in the town.
B.He couldn’t get used to the life in the town.
C.No one wanted to make friends with him in the town.
D.He sometimes couldn’t understand what the locals meant.
【小题2】What might people think of Tom’s words in Paragraph 2?
A.Correct.B.Impolite.
C.Funny.D.Meaningless.
【小题3】What does the underlined part probably mean?
A.The rain puts cats and dogs at risk.
B.It is raining heavily outside.
C.Cats and dogs are in need of help.
D.Cats and dogs are playing in the rain.
【小题4】What can we know about Tom?
A.He thought sayings were useless.
B.He often did stupid things.
C.He liked to show off in public.
D.He learned new things with an open mind.

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