Everyone gets sad. Being sad can happen pretty often. 【小题1】When you are sad, it feels like it will last forever. The world seems dark and unfriendly. You might feel like you have nothing to look forward to.【小题2】 However, your feeling of sadness usually doesns’t last very long - a few hours, or maybe a day or two.

When sadness starts to go away, it feels like a big stone is being lifted from your body. 【小题3】 Children who have depression may not know it. Often，it's a parent or teacher who notices children's changes.

When depression happens, it’s very important for children to receive treatment.【小题4】 Sometimes treatment includes talking to someone who know all about depression. Sometimes it means taking medicine. Sometimes both of these things are used. If you think you have depression, or you just have sadness that simply will not go away, it is important to talk to an adult about it first.【小题5】 Many cities also have mental health hotlines that are listed in the phone book. There is always somebody who can help.

When it comes to raising children, Japan has probably achieved more than any other developed country. A recent report by UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会) shows that Japan tops the list for the childhood health condition with a lower rate of childhood obesity(儿童肥胖率) in the world.

Experts say there are many reasons behind the achievement. Japanese people pay great attention to their health and organize physical examinations for their children at a certain time. Besides, the school lunch programme plays a key role.

The school lunch programme in Japan can date back to as early as 1889, when rice and fish were provided for children living in poor areas in the north of Japan. And after World War Ⅱ, the programme spread around the country.

School lunches with menus created by nutritionists(营养师) are provided for all primary schools and most junior high schools across Japan. Students have to eat school lunches and are not allowed to pack a lunch. Each meal is designed to have around 600~700 calories balanced with carbohydrates(碳水化合物), meat or fish and vegetables.

What’s more, the Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan once a year, and uses the results to shape what should go into the school meals. In this way, the school lunches can include the nutrition that may not be available at home.

Different from some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Students usually give out the food to each other and clean up the room after eating. The school lunch programme is also seen as part of education under the law. It’s not just about eating food, but about children learning to serve and clean up on their own.

Climate scientists are warning of serious problems for life in the Mediterranean Sea(地中海) because of high temperatures.

Temperatures have been reported from 3 to 5 degrees Celsius above usual temperatures for the summer. They reported that water temperatures have regularly gone above 30 degrees Celsius.

Marine heatwaves (海洋热浪) are caused by ocean currents (洋流) building up areas of warm water. Weather systems and heat in the atmosphere can also add warmth to the water’s temperature. And just like heatwaves on land, marine heatwaves are longer, happen more often and are more intense (强烈的) because of climate change.

“The situation is very worrying,” says Joaquim Garrabou, a researcher at the Institute of Marine Sciences in Barcelona. “We are pushing the system too far. We have to take action as soon as possible.”

Garrabou is part of a team that recently published a report on heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea between 2015 and 2019. The report says the heatwaves have led to the deaths of a large number of marine species. The Mediterranean Sea makes up less than one percent of the world’s oceans. But experts estimate (估计) it contains between 4 and 18 percent of the world’s known marine species. The study found about 50 species, including corals, sponges and seaweed, were affected along the Mediterranean coasts. The warming seas are driving native species to the edge of survival. Every summer their desired temperature is exceeded (超过), he said.

Recent scientific studies say that surface temperatures on the Mediterranean Sea have increased by 0.4 degrees Celsius every 10 years between 1982 and 2018. Yearly, it has been rising by 0.05 degrees Celsius over the past 10 years. Some scientists say even very small increases in average temperatures can have serious effects on ocean health.

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