It is necessary for us to use the toilet (卫生间) in our life. 【小题1】 Because of that, the seats get dirty. However, many people think that nothing will happen if they clean the seats often.

However, not all the people wash their hands after they touch something dirty. Then, they touch other things around them. When they do that, they put bacteria (细菌) on those things. We may touch many things like phones after we touch something dirty. 【小题2】

Some people did a test. They checked (检查) toilet seats and phones for bacteria. They found that there were just about 200 spots (斑点) of bacteria on the toilet seats. 【小题3】 It is not good news because bacteria are bad for our health and can make us be sick more easily.

Think much about it. 【小题4】 We put bacteria on everything we touch and make ourselves be in great danger. Does it sound terrible?

What should we do? First, don’t eat when we are using the phones. Second, clean our phones more often. 【小题5】 Of course, it’s also a great idea to stop using them in the toilet!

How do you describe the surface of one thing? Round? Square? Or smooth? You may have different answers. But we know that we can describe the earth’s surface through landforms (地形). A landform is a natural mixture of rock and soil found on the earth. Landforms come in different kinds of shapes and sizes. The whole mountains, small hills, plateaus (高原), and plains (平原) are the four main kinds of landforms. A landforn might be as large as a land or as small as a pool.

Landforms are made by some kinds of forces of nature. This force could be wind, water or ice. And it usually takes a very long time to form different landforms. It could be hundreds or thousands of years or even longer. For example, you may see many valleys (山谷). It used to be a high hill, but with time going by, water and wind wear down high land into a plain, and then create valleys. Many landforms are formed by water. Both processes happen over a long time, sometimes millions of years.

What are the differences among the landforms? Valleys are located between hills or with many high mountains around. And there is usually a river at the bottom of the valleys. A delta (三角洲) is another two landforms created by water. Deltas can be found at the mouths of rivers. They are created when sand, soil, and rock mix together. Hills and mountains are another two landforms. A hill is raised land. A mountain is usually higher with a top. Most mountains are like towers but a few of them are like tables which have flat tops.

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Are you one of people who are very afraid of something? If you are, you may have a phobia. A phobia is a very strong feeling of being afraid of something. It is often caused by a certain situation or object. In general, there are three kinds of phobias.

To begin with, people with the agoraphobia will be nervous when they stay in a strange place, especially a new place. Then people with the social phobia will feel anxious when they are at a social event, such as speaking in front of many people. Lastly, there is a special phobia. People with this phobia are afraid of special objects or animals, such as spiders and mice.

What should we do if we have a phobia? Many people choose to do nothing, while others try to keep away from what may make them scared. Psychologists, however, say that we need to go to see a doctor. The phobia can get worse easily, and it may affect our sleep and work. Moreover, we can listen to some soft music or do some exercise to relieve it.