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Ever feel sleepy when it’s time to get up for school? If you think school shouldn’t start so early, you’re not alone. Lots of scientists and doctors agree. That’s why some groups are pushing for later start times.

There’s good news for some students who like to snooze*. California passed a new law. It sets rules. High schools will start at 8:30 am or later. Middle schools will start at 8 am or later. So students might get more minutes of California dreaming.

Research shows that most adolescents need about nine hours of sleep a night. They usually get their best sleep between 11 pm and 8 am. So if students get up at 5 or 6 am, they miss some good sleeping time. Students who don’t get enough sleep can have health problems. They have trouble learning, too. It’s hard to learn when you’re nodding off at your desk!

But some people think starting schools later isn’t so smart. They argue there’s no way to be sure students will get more sleep. After all, the law can’t make students go to bed! And schools that start later finish later. That leaves students with less free time. Like what? Sports, jobs, chores, and homework. And let’s not forget fun!

Maybe another problem is buses! If all schools start near the same time, a district* has to pay for more buses and drivers. That’s one reason so many high schools start very early.

In fact, several schools outside California have a ready set later start times. Seattle Public Schools is an example. High schools there start no earlier than 8:45 am. A new law may soon be passed in Ohio. It would push back start times in that state.

How about you? Like to start school bright and early? Or would you rather snooze till the sun is high in the sky?

【小题1】According to the new law, California high schools may start at__________.
A.6 amB.7 amC.8 amD.9 am
【小题2】The underlined word “adolescent” refers to people at the age of_________.
A.1 to 5B.13 to 18C.30 to 40D.60 to 70
【小题3】Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Adolescents sleep best between 11 pm and 6 am.
B.The new law can make the students go to bed early.
C.Enough sleep helps students learn well and stay healthy.
D.Schools in Seattle don’t have a law for later starting time.
【小题4】What’s the best title for the passage?
A.Should students go to school later?B.Should students go to bed early?
C.Should students leave school later?D.Should students do homework early?
22-23八年级下·浙江温州·期中
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April 22 is Earth Day. Everyone on Earth should care about and protect the earth!
The earth has warmed by about 1°F (华氏度) over the past 100 years, but why and how? Well, scientists are not quite sure. Maybe the earth gets warmer and warmer on its own. But many scientists say that people are doing many things which make the earth warmer. First, greenhouse effect (温室效应) is a very important reason for the change of the earth. People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer. Climate (气候) change is another important reason. Sometimes it becomes too hot and sometimes too cold. Sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes too little. The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
When the earth becomes warmer, there may be more rain and a rise in sea level. It will affect the growth of plants, animals and people. On a Pacific island, 100 people have to move to higher ground because the sea is rising. These people can no longer live on the coast. Before that, two islands without people went underwater in 1999. Scientists say that the seas can rise by nearly one meter by 2100.
People can affect the earth's air, land and water. As for us, we can do many things to protect the earth. For example, we can use fridges less. We can tell more people about protecting the earth.
【小题1】Earth Day is probably set for people to ______.
A.learn more about the earth
B.make full use of the earth
C.take better care of the earth.
D.study the warmth of the earth
【小题2】Greenhouse effect comes from______.
A.sea risingB.climate change
C.nature's unbalanceD.people's activity
【小题3】According to the passage, _______ many affect each other.
A.animals and island
B.climate and the warmth of the earth
C.fridges and animals
D.sea level and the growth of plants
【小题4】We can infer (推断) from the passage that the reasons for the warmer earth are______ now.
A.not very clearB.completely secret
C.well knownD.not given yet
【小题5】The passage mainly tells us that ______.
A.there is more rain now
B.we should protect the earth
C.we must stop pollution
D.sea level is getting higher

Video cameras are everywhere: schools, theaters and stores. But in recent years, they have entered our homes. Many parents set up cameras at home to watch their children’s online classes and homework. Are cameras really helpful? What do students think about it? We invited two students to share their thoughts.

Luo Yuzhe, 15, Gansu

When I was in Junior 2, I liked to lie in bed and watch videos instead of studying. This affected my studies and made my grades worse. So my parents set up a camera to keep an eye on me.

It worked. With the camera watching, I had to do my homework first and make plans for studying at home. When I was alone at home, the camera made me feel safe because I knew that my parents were watching on the other side. My grades improved after a year.

Zhao Xin, 15, Beijing

Earlier this year, my parents set up a camera in my room. I really didn’t like it because I felt like there were always eyes watching me. I felt so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep well at night.

Knowing there was a camera around, when my friends came to my home, they would speak quietly and carefully. We couldn’t have pillow fights. I was sad. So I asked my parents to take the camera away. They agreed it as long as I promised to behave well. I feel happy and free now.

【小题1】Why did video cameras enter people’s home?
A.Because people are richer than before.
B.Because people like taking photos with them.
C.Because people use them to help their children do homework.
D.Because people use them to watch their children’s online classes and homework.
【小题2】What does the underlined phrase “keep an eye on me” mean?
A.tie me togetherB.get along with meC.give attention to meD.talk with me
【小题3】How did Zhao Xin feel when his parents set up a camera in his home?
A.He was surprised.B.He was unhappy.C.He was happy.D.He was bored.
【小题4】What can we learn from the passage?
A.Video cameras didn’t work for Luo Yezhe.
B.Video cameras are popular with young people.
C.Zhao Xin’s parents didn’t agree with him at last.
D.Luo Yuzhe and Zhao Xin have different ideas about video cameras.
【小题5】What’s the best title for the passage?
A.Eyes Always on Us.B.Advice about Video Cameras.
C.Useful Video Cameras.D.Another Use of Video Cameras.

Time management is the process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on some activities. Good time management allows you to complete more in a shorter period of time, reduce your stress, and leads to career success.

Some students work hard at their lessons, and often stay up late. However, it is not necessary to become a bookworm to be a good student. If you try to complete too many tasks at the same time, the most likely result is that you will be overwhelmed (击垮) in the hope of ‘catching up’.

The amount and quality of what you achieve are mainly dependent on how effectively (有效地) you manage your time. Here is some advice on how to better manage your time as a student.

Make a plan

There are many subjects that need to be learned and you need to do lots of exercises to practise. The best way to achieve success is to make a plan. This starts as a list of all the tasks for completing your goals. Write them down, for your memory is not as good as you think it is.

Next, colour tasks on your list to show their urgency (紧迫性). This allows you to know the tasks that you need to finish at once. Do only one thing at a time: the others can wait their turn. You will need to update (更新) your list regularly, but allow yourself to enjoy the pleasure of putting your pen through things that you have completed.

Beware of distractions (当心分心)

Using mobile phones or computers to chat with others or play games may help you relax but it is also a waste of time. Consider shutting them off completely as you work on a task that requires your full attention.

Learn to say ‘no’

Many business leaders put a lot of their success down to simply saying ‘no’. That is, they put their efforts in the few areas that really matter and have the courage to say no to everything else. Be realistic with yourself, and honest with others. Refuse the activities or tasks which you are not good at.

Give yourself a break

Taking breaks is good for your brain. Don’t be hard on yourself; you will actually do better if you take breaks. This might seem counter-intuitive with all those tasks on your list, but solutions to problems can come from a refreshed (清爽的) brain.

Succeeding against the difficulty and in the face of time pressure is one of the most valuable experiences you can offer to a future employer.

【小题1】From the first three paragraphs we know that ______.
A.reducing your stress can lead to your career success in future
B.planning how much time to spend on your study is necessary
C.you shouldn’t stay up late if you want to be good students
D.success depends on how you manage your time effectively
【小题2】The underlined word “counter-intuitive” in paragraph 8 means “______”.
A.meaninglessB.unexpectedC.uncomfortableD.unreasonable
【小题3】Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?
A.If you try to complete some tasks at once, you will be overwhelmed.
B.When completing some tasks and crossing them off, you’ll feel pleased.
C.You’d better be away from all the things around as you work on a task.
D.You should say “no” to the activities or tasks which you can do well in.
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.How to manage your time.B.How to make a study plan.
C.How to deal with difficulty.D.How to be a good student.

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