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In a noisy restaurant, you can still hear your friend’s voice clearly. You talk happily without paying attention to others’ conversations. That’s because selective (选择性的) attention is helping you.

Selective attention is an amazing ability in our brain. It allows people to choose and focus on (专注于) something in the environment. At the same time, it can filter out (过滤) unnecessary information, so people can focus on one conversation in a crowded place. But how does selective attention work? Researchers from Columbia University did an experiment to study it. The result shows that the brain is selective about the sounds it hears. When a person listens to someone talking, their brain waves (波) change to pick out the features of the speaker’s voice and filter out other voices.

To further understand how selective attention works, the researchers studied two parts of the brain’s listening centre: Heschl’s gyrus (HG) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Information from the ears reaches HG first, passes through it and arrives at STG later. In the study, they found the following facts: in HG area, every voice is treated the same way. That is to say, HG doesn’t prefer one voice or another. But in STG area, it’s possible to choose one speaker’s voice and make it louder. The whole process (过程) only takes 150 milliseconds and it happens immediately to a listener. As a result, people can focus on one voice when there are many other conversations around.

“Today’s study is quite important. We want to better understand how the brain helps us to hear so well, as well as create technologies that help people,” said Dr. Mesgarani, the leader of the researchers. With the help of the finding, speech recognition technologies have been improved. The researchers have already developed a new kind of hearing aid that can help collect information more correctly. It could make one speaker’s voice louder over another. They also plan to study more about HG and STG activity in situations that have more speakers.

【小题1】What can selective attention help people do according to the passage?
A.Choose where to talk.B.Hear more in a conversation
C.Forget unnecessary information.D.Focus on one voice in a noisy place.
【小题2】Which picture shows the process in the listening centre?
A.B.C.D.
【小题3】What will the researchers most probably study in the future?
A.How to improve listeningB.How the listening centre works.
C.How to make a better hearing aid.D.How HG and STG protect each other.
【小题4】What’s the best title for the passage?
A.A Great Ability in BrainB.A New Study on Technologies
C.A Key to Reducing NoiseD.A Way to Make Conversation
23-24九年级上·浙江温州·期末
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The Formula 1 (F1) Chinese Grand Prix (中国大奖赛) 2024 took place in Shanghai in April. Zhou Guanyu, 25, was there. He is China’s first F1 racer (赛车手). He could not hide his joy and pride as this was his first time to race at home. His team is Alfa Romeo. In an interview, Zhou Guanyu talked about what made a great F1 racer.

Body

A good racer must have a good body. Even though racers look still, their bodies are going through hard tests during races. Zhou does a lot of work on his neck. This is because the head and helmet become five times heavier when braking (刹车) and speeding up, according to the Motorsport Technology website. “You can see my neck getting thicker these years,” said Zhou.

Quick reactions

F1 drivers like Zhou need to react (反应) quickly. F1 racers usually react to things in 100 milliseconds (毫秒), reported Motorsport Technology. That is two times faster than normal people. “Racing with the world’s top F1 drivers tests not only my driving skills but also my mind and reaction speed,” he told Hongxing News.

Cars

Speed is so important for a great racer. Besides driving skills, fast speed comes from the car itself. Zhou had trouble with his car at the Hungarian Grand Prix 2023. But he raced in April with a new car and better tires (轮胎), expecting to show his skills.

【小题1】Why was the Formula 1 Chinese Grand Prix 2024 special to Zhou Guanyu?
A.Because it was the first home race for him.
B.Because he was the first-ever F1 driver in China.
C.Because he could race with the world’s excellent F1 drivers.
【小题2】How soon can F1 racers usually give reactions to things?
A.In 50 milliseconds.B.In 100 milliseconds.C.In 200 milliseconds.
【小题3】Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of this text?
A.B.C.
【小题4】What can be the best title of the text?
A.Keys to be a Great F1 Racer.
B.Driving Skills Make Fast Speed.
C.China’s First F1 Racer — Zhou Guanyu.

Most of us feel younger or older than we really are. This “subjective age” is simply based on the way we feel inside. Scientists find that “subjective age” is the key to understanding why some people appear to be energetic as they age—while others do not. What’s more, studies have shown that you really are only as old as you feel in some real ways.

One interesting study has discovered our subjective age is connected with our personality. It is now well-accepted that people tend to become less open to new experiences while ageing. However, such personality changes are less pronounced in people with a younger heart and more noticeable in people with older subjective ages. Moreover, people with younger subjective ages become more careful and make fewer mistakes. But the connection between health and subjective age almost certainly acts in both directions; If you often feel upset, you are likely to feel older; The result could be a vicious cycle (恶性循环). In this way, the effect of subjective age on health is stronger than that of actual age.

When do we start to feel that our minds and bodies are running on different timescales? And why does it happen? One study finds that most children and teenagers feel older than they really are. But this changes at around 26, when 70% of them would feel younger. Some researchers argue that a lower subjective age is a form of self-defense. Believing “I may be 65 but I only feel 50” would mean you are less worried about your performance at work, for example. This thinking helps people free themselves from the society’s sad view of ageing.

With these findings, it is possible that in the future, science might be able to reduce people’s subjective age and improve their health as a result.

【小题1】According to the passage, subjective age ________.
A.will not change when you get older
B.is simply based on how others think of you
C.is the number of years you have lived
D.results from your personal feelings of ageing
【小题2】What does the underlined word “pronounced” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.发声的B.必要的C.明显的D.有条件的
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.People with older subjective ages are healthier.
B.More people will have older subjective ages after 26.
C.Actual age has a stronger effect on people’s health condition.
D.A lower subjective age may help people do better in their work.
【小题4】We can infer from the passage that ________.
A.future science will stop us from getting old
B.most children and teenagers feel older than they really are
C.there are many secrects hidden in our brains
D.our society doesn’t think highly of old people’s work.

Make connections across an ocean


     In January this year, people find a bottle on a beach in West Australia. There was a message (消息) in the bottle. A German sailor (水手) threw (丢) the bottle into the sea in June 1886. That was 132 years ago! It is the world’s oldest-known message in a bottle.
     At the time, German sailors used messages in bottles to study ocean currents (洋流). Between 1864 and 1933, they threw thousands of bottles into the sea.
     Writing messages in bottles is popular around the world. Some messages are used for scientific (科学的) studies. But most people send out messages in bottles for other reasons. Some want to find pen pals. So they write down some things about themselves. Some people write down their secrets (秘密). They hope the sea can take them away. There are even online messages in bottles. People can send them through WeChat or QQ. The reasons and ways may change, but the idea behind the messages is always the same: People want to make connections (联系) with others. This idea has made sending messages in bottles popular for hundreds of years.

TEENS


【小题1】Where did people find the world’s oldest-known message in a bottle?
A.In Germany.B.In West Australia.
C.In India.D.In East Australia.
【小题2】Why did people throw bottles into the water between 1864 and 1933?
A.To find friends around the world.B.To send messages to soldiers.
C.To study how the water moves.D.To find new lands.
【小题3】What is the main reason for sending messages in bottles?
A.To connect with others.B.To find a home for one’s secrets.
C.To become popular for long.D.To help people remember each other.
【小题4】What can we learn from the story?
A.Only soldiers can send messages in bottles.
B.It’s not safe to keep your secrets in bottles.
C.People can send online messages in bottles.
D.The writer doesn’t like the idea of throwing bottles into the sea.
【小题5】The writer gives the title “Make connections across an ocean” to __________.
A.help people to understand the article better
B.show how people make connections with others
C.ask people to throw bottles into the sea
D.tell people more about travelling

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