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If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).

A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels.

If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then?

Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.

Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.

An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.

【小题1】A comet is like ________, goes round the sun.
A.sunB.starC.planetD.the earth
【小题2】A large part of a comet is ________.
A.water and rockB.water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron
C.ice, iron and rock dustD.only a few big pieces of rock
【小题3】Maybe many people ________.
A.haven’t seen any cometsB.have seen all comets
C.have seen a comet at daytimeD.have seen a comet
【小题4】Halley’s Comets came back ________.
A.in 1990B.in 1980C.in 1986D.in 1989
22-23九年级上·浙江绍兴·期中
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Our reporter asked people what they were doing on July 20th, 1969 when man first walked on the moon. Here is what they said:

Kate Jones, waitress I remember that day very well. I was fifteen years old. It was a hot and humid day, and I was with my family in the mountains. We were having a picnic. We didn’t see the moon landing when it happened, but we were thinking about it. We saw it later on the TV news.

John Bates, postman I was eighteen years old. It was a very exciting day. I was watching TV at home when the astronaut walked on the moon. His name was Neil Armstrong. I remember he could jump really high because people aren’t so heavy on the moon. When he returned, he became a national hero in America, and famous all over the world.

Paul Robinson, doctor I was twelve. I remember the day, but I don’t remember what I was doing. I remember I wanted to go to the moon, too. My dream was to become an astronaut and fly in a rocket. I wanted to see the earth from the moon. The astronauts on the moon said that the earth looked very beautiful from there.

Linda Brown, clerk I was working that day. I was twenty then. I didn’t see the man land on the moon because I was busy. Of course I knew about it. I read about it in the newspaper the next day. I thought it was amazing. Maybe one day people will travel to the moon for vacations!

Mark Green, teacher I was only seven years old then. My parents talked about it, and I learned about it later in school, but I don’t remember the day. I was too young to remember. Maybe I was having fun in the playground with my friends when it happened.

根据短文内容,判断正误(A/B)。
【小题1】Man first walked on the moon on July 20th, 1969.
【小题2】The waitress Kate Jones was having a picnic with her friends in the park when man first walked on the moon.
【小题3】The postman John remembers that he was watching TV at home, but the doctor Paul doesn’t remember what he was doing when Neil Armstrong landed on the moon.
【小题4】The clerk Linda saw the man land on the moon while she was working that day.
【小题5】Mark, the teacher, can remember clearly that he was having fun in the playground with his friends when it happened.

Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on the planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that junk(垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.

According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can’t see.

Objects, like bits of old space rockets(火箭)or satellites(卫星), move around the planet at very high speed so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage (损害)the space tool.

To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.

To reduce additional (额外的)space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere (大气层)after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.

Many scientists also suggest different ways to clean up space junk. In England, scientists are testing a special net that can be sent into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely dealt with.

“The problem is becoming more challenging because we’re sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher.


       “The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,” he says.
【小题1】The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A.telescopesB.problems
C.pieces of space junkD.BBC news reports
【小题2】The space junk is considered a problem because ________.
A.it burns up after it re-enters the atmosphere
B.it often stops the view of telescopes on Earth
C.it could force new space tools to travel at lower speed
D.it may crash into other space tools causing damage or death
【小题3】We can infer from the passage that ________.
A.a safe space tool can stay in space for ever
B.rubbish as well as space junk used to be a big problem
C.scientists have no trouble solving the problem of space junk
D.more efforts require to be made to keep outer space safe and clean

China has named the nation’s first Mars rover(火星车)ZhuRong. For all of us, Zhu Rong is a well-suited name.

In an ancient Chinese story, Zhu Rong had the face of a man and the body of an animal. H rode on two dragons. When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the god of water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven(天国)to the world.

“Zhu Rong is regarded as the earliest god of fire in traditional Chinese culture,” a space official said. “The first Mars rover was named Zhu Rong. The name symbolizes(象征)light and hope for space exploration(探索)in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”

After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the world’s first quanturn satellite(量子卫星), and Chang’e-4 has made a soft landing on the moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.

【小题1】What Zhu Rong brought from heaven to the world was ________.
A.fireB.warsC.waterD.animals
【小题2】For China’s space exploration, the name Zhu Rong symbolizes ________.
A.a big fightB.complete darknessC.light and hopeD.Chinese culture
【小题3】The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.
A.the earthB.MarsC.the moonD.the sun
【小题4】According to the passage, we can infer that ________.
A.Zhu Rong is a bad person in an ancient Chinese story
B.China has made great progress in space technology
C.the writer is proud of China’s space technology
D.the official doesn’t like the name Zhu Rong

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