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Scientists who study happiness have evidence (证据) to show that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most of them.

In studies, behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation: people who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior.

In the experiments (实验), about 1, 000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing (执行) the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel. We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the performer’s expectations of the receiver’s mood with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.

For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive (积极的) moods. For another, the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected. The receivers also rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.

At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day to people that just happened to be nearby. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.

These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can?

【小题1】What did the receivers do in the experiments?
A.They showed kindness to others.
B.They guessed the performers’ feelings.
C.They rated how valuable the performers’ act of kindness was.
D.They compared the performers’ expectations with their actual results.
【小题2】What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.Different purposes of the research.B.More evidence for the research results.
C.Possible influences of the research findings.D.Another explanation of the research methods.
【小题3】What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards showing kindness to others?
A.Supportive.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.
【小题4】What is the main idea of this article?
A.Being kind can reduce one’s happiness as expected.
B.Kindness can have unexpectedly positive influences.
C.Choosing kindness is more difficult than expected.
D.Showing kindness is more valuable than receiving it.
2023九年级·全国·专题练习
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A Kid Hero

“If you could have any three things, what would you want?”

Eleven-year-old Ruby Chitsey loves asking that question, but it’s not a game she plays. She asks the seniors (老年人) at nursing homes in Arkansas where she lives. Even more amazing, she then sets out to make their wishes come true.

Ruby has long been close to the elders. Her mother has worked in nursing homes for many years. Ruby often stays with her in summer and asks the seniors if they need anything.

Last May, Ruby noticed an old lady named Pearl staring (凝视) out a window. She seemed sad. “What are you looking at?” Ruby asked. Pearl said she was watching her dog being led away by his new owner. Ruby asked around and discovered that the nursing home didn’t allow the seniors to have dogs and Pearl couldn’t afford to pay anyone to look after her dog. Ruby also heard many stories about Pearl’s friends there and found that they were unable to afford life costs. That was when she decided to do something about it.

She started by asking the seniors what three things they wanted most in the world. Her mother worried that people would ask for cars and other things that an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate, fries, and even just pants that fit properly.

“I felt really upset,” Ruby says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many things as we could.”

Using their own money, Ruby and her mother helped about 100 people in three months. Then, they started asking for donations (捐款). The good people in Arkansas strongly supported them, so Ruby and her mother set up a GoFundMe page—Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents. After GoFundMe named Ruby a Kid Hero and spread her story internationally, Three Wishes raised more than $250,000 in five months. One of Ruby’s new goals is to set up a shared computer in one nursing home in each state.

Ruby doesn’t plan to stop there. “I consider kindness to be my hobby,” she says, “and I’m very good at it.”

【小题1】What did Ruby do for the seniors at nursing homes in Arkansas?
A.She offered to look after their dogs.
B.She strongly supported their hobbies.
C.She helped make their wishes come true.
D.She played their favourite games with them.
【小题2】Ruby decided to help the seniors when ________.
A.she started to volunteer at nursing homes
B.her mother asked her for help in summer
C.people named her a Kid Hero on the Internet
D.she learned of the stories of Pearl and her friends
【小题3】According to the passage, which word best describes Ruby?
A.Naughty.B.Humorous.C.Caring.D.Cheerful.
根据短文内容,从短文后 A-F 选项中选出适当的选项补全短文

What do you do with the things you love? 【小题1】 That’s not what Cameron Payne does. This fifth grader from North Carolina is sharing his love of books by giving them away.

In 2008, Cameron was looking for a way to help Iris community when he heard about a family who lost everything in a house fire. He was sad that all of their books were destroyed, and he wanted to find a way to help them. 【小题2】 Cameron collects books for young people of all ages and reading levels. He collects books for kids who are blind or low vision, too, because he wants everyone to have books.

【小题3】 They do this by helping kids dream about what they might be when they grow up. 【小题4】

Cameron wants to keep his program going and growing. Over the past seven years, he has given away more than 3,000 books. He has also won many prizes for his work. His program has grown over the years, too. Last Christmas, Cameron was even able to give away toys and clothes. 【小题5】 Who needs help in your community? How might you help?

A.You probably take care of them and keep them safe.
B.Learning about new things can give kids new interests.
C.Cameron knows that books can help kids think about their future.
D.It’s not easy for kids to take up such a hobby if they don’t like reading at all.
E.That’s when he created his program, which gives books away to people in need.
F.Cameron Payne is making a difference in kids’ lives by giving away the things he loves: books.

Have you ever gotten stung(蛰)by a bee? Well, for 18-year-old Mikaila Ulmer from the US, her first bee sting at the age of 4 was a special experience. It inspired her to make a difference and turned her into an entrepreneur.

The bee sting scared Mikaila,      . She soon learned how important bees are for the planet and how they are at risk of dying out.

At not even 5 years old, Mikaila wanted to do something to help save the bees. With her parents’ help, she set up a lemonade stand in her front yard. She used her grandmother’s homemade lemonade recipe and added a little bit of honey to it. The money from every lemonade she sold went to bee protection groups.

But Mikaila wanted to do more. She made her special recipe into a product, called Me and the Bees Lemonade. At the age of 10, she went on a TV show with her dad to try to get funding and public attention. It worked. Now, more than 10 years since her first lemonade, she sells five different drink products available at many restaurants and stores across the country.

In 2020, Mikaila brought out a book about her experience as an entrepreneur called Bee Fearless, Dream Like a Kid. As she explained to CNBC, “I always say that it’s important to dream like a kid, and as a kid, it’s the perfect age to start figuring out what you enjoy and trying new things and taking risks.”

【小题1】The underlined word “entrepreneur ” is similar to   ________.
A.Success
B.Businesswoman
C.Scientist
D.Bee keeper
【小题2】Which of the following can be put in      ? ________
A.so she was in danger then.
B.and it’s difficult for her to catch the bees.
C.but it’s the point.
D.but it also made her interested in the insect.
【小题3】How did Mikaila make money at age 5? ________
A.She sold her parents’ lemonade stand.
B.She sold her grandmother’s lemonade recipe.
C.She went to work for bee protection groups.
D.She sold lemonade drinks with honey.
【小题4】What is “Me and the Bees Lemonade”? ________
A.It’s a drink product Mikaila made.
B.It is the product of a TV show.
C.It’s the name of an IT company.
D.It is a book about Mikaila’s experience.
【小题5】What would be the best title for the passage? ________
A.Stung? Help!
B.I love the bee sting!
C.A “bee” girl.
D.Goodbye, bees!

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