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下面短文选自《八年级下册·中学生英语主题阅读课外读本》，请你阅读下面一段短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。

Our lives are made up of our habits, the things that we do often and almost without thinking. They are often things that are hard to stop doing. Good habits make us happy and bad habits don’t. For example, we may think eating too much junk food makes us happy but, in the future, we will be sad. Developing good habits will help us love our lives.

To form a good habit, a goal is needed. There are many habits we may want to have, like doing more exercise. Make sure your goal is accurate, for example, to run a race in six months’ time. Start small. Don’t try and do too much immediately. You might give up. Remember that the journey of 1,000 miles begins with one single step! Start with an action so small that you can’t say no. For example, run for just three minutes every day. It seems silly, but the important thing is to repeat the action and not stop! Be patient and don’t expect success immediately.

There are three elements（要素）to form a habit. Use these to help you:

*The signal to do something

Leave your running shoes by the front door. This is the signal to run.

*Doing the thing

Run for three minutes. After a week, increase to five minutes, and so on.

*A reward for doing that thing

After the run, watch your favourite TV show.

Developing good habits
What is our habit?*They are the things that we do often and almost without thinking.
*They are often things that are not 【小题1】 to stop doing.
【小题2】 do we form a good habit?*Set an accurate goal.
*Don’t try and do too much immediately.
*Start with a 【小题3】 action so that you can’t say no.
*The important thing is to 【小题4】 repeating the action.
What are the elements to make a habit?The following elements may be 【小题5】 to you.
*The signal to do something
*Doing the thing
*A reward for doing that thing
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阅读下文并回答问题。

Fake (假的) news is misleading or false information that’s mistaken for the truth. It can appear in many different forms and for many different reasons. Fake news is sometimes created by accident. However, it is sometimes created on purpose. Hoping to cause arguments or to get as many readers as possible, fake news tries to get people’s attention.

So they can:

·make money through advertisements

·spread their own opinions or the ones of the organization they work for

·trick or bring fun to people

When you read news online,
◆ don’t believe everything you read online.
◆ pause (暂停) for a moment to think about what you’ve seen or read. It might be all you need to help you recognize fake news.
◆ look at who wrote or who shared the story, and check to see if the information can be trusted. Try to think about whether or not there might be any bias (偏见) included.
◆ don’t share if you’re not sure, or you could be the one spreading fake news.
News 1: Train driver Saves Dog

A dog named Poppy was found by a train driver after she ran away from home. The driver stopped the train, saved the scared dog, and returned her to her owners. They were very happy to have Poppy back.

News 2: Surfing (冲浪) Shark

A surfer in Australia was surprised when a baby whale shark rested on her board. Phoebe was scared and swam to shore quickly. A video of the event shows someone explaining that whale sharks are harmless. After a few minutes, the whale shark returned to the water, and Phoebe got her board back.

News 3: The Youngest Homeowner

What do you spend your pocket money on? Eight-year-old, Ruby, and her elder sister saved theirs up and (with a little money from their parents) used it to buy a house! The family already has a house. So, when the kids grow up, they’ll sell the spare home and share the money.


【小题1】Do we need to check if the information online can be trusted?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【小题2】How is fake news created?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【小题3】What does the passage try to teach us?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【小题4】Which news do you think is made up? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
It’s about Time

Do you know what time it is? If you do, you probably are looking at a clock or Long ago, people didn’t have clocks or watches like you do. When the sun rose, they got up and when the sun went down, they went to bed. They told timeby the position of the sun in the sky.
People discovered that they could use a stick and the sun to tell time. This was called a shadow clock. They put a stick in the ground, pointing straight up. The direction of the stick’s shadow and how long or shortit was told them the time.
A better kind of shadow clock was called a sundial. Sundial had a pointer and a base. The pointer cast a shadow on marks around the base. People could tell time by reading the marks.
But shadow clocks were not good for telling time on cloudy days or at night.
One kind of clock that didn’t need the sun was a water clock. A water clock was container with a tiny hole in the bottom. Water would steadilydropout of the hole. Marks on the inside of the container showed the time. It took one hour for the water to go down one mark.

Another kind of clock that didn’t need the sun was a candle clock. You would know the time by how much of the candle had melted（熔化）. The candle had marks down its side to show the hours.
Sometimes people used candle clocks as alarm clocks. They put a nail（钉子）in the candle at the time they wanted to wake up, hanging a shoe on the nail. When the candle melted down, the nail fell outand the shoe hit the floor with a BANG! Now there are all kinds of timepieces, from tall grandfather clocks to watches we wear on our wrists（手腕）. Most clocks run on electricity from batteries.
There are many more types of clocks, too. Clocks hang in and on buildings. Clocks are everywhere!
【小题1】Did people have clocks or watches like you do long ago?
_______________________________________________________________________
【小题2】What did sundial have?
______________________________________________________________________
【小题3】How long did it take for the water to go down one mark in water clock?
______________________________________________________________________
【小题4】How would you know the time when you use a candle clock?
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【小题5】What does the writer want to tell us?
______________________________________________________________________

Imagine you wake up one day and decide to build yourself a house. Then how would you begin the task which seems very difficult? Just go for it without any ideas in mind? Or make a plan carefully, and take action according to it?

If the thought of starting without a plan sounds ridiculous(荒谬的), you’re right. Many people have goals, but without a plan for achieving them, 92% of them will finally fail. The 8% who succeed understand, “A goal without a plan is just a wish.”

Planning prevents you from wasting your time on unnecessary work. It helps you pay attention to the work at hand, which helps you feel more in control. Once you have a plan, you’ll be surprised at how much you’re able to finish in a certain time and you start to understand yourself more clearly.

Then here comes the most important question: How can we make a plan? Generally there are several steps along the process of making a plan. First, you have to write down your goal. It gives you the basic information of what you are going to do. Second, you can begin by picturing your goal. You may see it in your mind...feel it, try it. Now capture(捕捉) it in as much as possible. Record your progress during achieving your goal.

Do you have the skills you need to reach your goal? If not, can you achieve them? When will you complete your goal? Setting a final time drives you to act now, before it’s too late.


(1)、(2)题完成句子；(3)题简略回答问题；(4)题找出并写下第四段的主题句；(5)题将画线句子译成汉语。
【小题1】Planning can keep us from wasting our time on _________________.
【小题2】92% of people who have goals but ____________ for achieving the goals will finally fail.
【小题3】What is the advantage of setting a final time of achieving our goals?
__________________________________________________________________
【小题4】___________________________________________________________________
【小题5】___________________________________________________________________

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