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Bridges are built over roads, rivers, or railways. They appeared a long time ago. Back then, they were built with stones, ropes, logs, and vines. Some were very simple, like a footbridge made out of a big tree. But today, bridges are bigger, stronger, and more modern. This is because we have better technology today.

Bridges are a mix of maths, physics, design, and architecture. They are designed by skilled engineers and they take years to build.

Bridges must be so strong that they can support not only their own weight, but also the weight of the people and vehicles (交通工具). People build it in a way that protects them from earthquakes, strong winds, and freezing.

The three main types of bridges are arch, beam and suspension. Let’s take a closer look at each one.

Arch (拱) bridges were invented a long time ago by the Romans. They were built out of stone or brick, and stood on support structures in the shape of arches. Beam bridges are horizontal (水平的) beams supported by columns. These bridges are very old as well. Suspension bridges have a tower (索塔) on either side. The towers are connected by cables. They are more modern, with the first ones being used in the early 19th century.

People all know that the oldest bridge in the world is the Zhaozhou Bridge in China. It’s an arch bridge made out of stone that was built in 605 A.D. But if you’re looking for the world’s longest bridge, it would be the Danyang-kunshan Grand Bridge. It is also in China. It has a length of over 164.85 kilometres!


根据文章内容填空,每空不限一词。
【小题1】Bridges have a long history. In the past, some were very ________ but now they are bigger, stronger, and more modern ________ today’s better technology.
【小题2】The bridges must be ________ support the weight of the people, vehicles and themselves. They are built in a way that protects them from ________ like earthquakes, strong winds, and freezing.
【小题3】The passage tells us about ________ types of bridges including ________.
【小题4】A long time ago, the Romans used stone or brick ________ arch bridges. The first suspension bridges ________ since the early 19th century.
【小题5】The Zhaozhou Bridge is ________ the world’s oldest bridge while the Danyang-kunshan Grand Bridge is the longest one. They are ________ in China!
2023·江苏淮安·一模
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阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。

Everybody should develop a habit of daily learning something new from now on. It opens our eyes to the world and gives us a deeper understanding of how the world works.

Many studies have shown that learning new things can improve our brainpower (智力) and memory. When we learn something new, our brains (大脑) form new neuronal (神经元的) connections. The more we learn, the easier it is for us to get knowledge. The brain is like a muscle (肌肉). The more we use it, the more powerful it gets. Learning new things can also improve our skills, such as creative writing, math and many others we’ll find helpful now and in the future.

Understanding new information helps us develop our critical thinking (批判性思维) skills. When we’re studying a new subject, our brains actively process (加工) new information and compare it to what we already know. Knowing different knowledge also helps us to avoid believing fake (假的) information on the Internet. Even when you are just writing a book report, you are training your mind to become more analytical (善于分析的).

By learning something new, we can have interesting conversations with our friends. We should let ourselves know as much as possible about others’ opinions. Next time you meet your friends, share some of the information that you’ve learned and discuss it. This will give you a deeper understanding of the topic you are trying to know more.

【小题1】Learning something new opens our eyes to the world and ________ of how the world works.
【小题2】It is easier for us ________ when we learn more something new.
【小题3】________ helps us develop our critical thinking skills.
【小题4】If we want to avoid believing fake (假的) information on the Internet, we should ________.
【小题5】We can ________ with our friends by learning something new.
阅读下面短文,从下列所给的A—D五个选项中选择正确的选项(其中一项是多余选项),将其序号填入1-3题,并完成4小题。

The game of Go is not only a competitive event of the mind, but also a board game of amusement.

Created in China more than four thousand years ago, Go was introduced to Korea and Japan over 1,000 years ago. Since then, it has become a favorite activity of many people there. Today, Go still serves as a way of cultural exchange among the people in many Eastern and Western countries. 1

The game of Go is sometimes like real life. There are 181 black pieces and 180 white ones in total. While the board is fixed, the pieces can be placed in millions upon millions of different ways, just as life in the real world may take many turns.      2     

Go pays much attention to peaceful competition and coexistence(共存). In a game of Go, the players do not wipe out(消灭) each other’s pieces. Instead, they simply try to win a larger share of space while allowing the other side to have some space. 3

Wu Qingyuan (1914-2014), a modern Go talent, believed that the final purpose of the game was to try to achieve peace. Instead of fighting as enemies, the two players work together to play an excellent game.


A. Many players in these countries take part in many international games every year.
B. The game of Go was one of the four greatest artistic(艺术的)types in Chinese culture.
C. The proper place of each tiny piece is similar to how one might solve a difficult problem in life.
D. However, in chess and Chinese chess, the players try to wipe out as many of the other side’s pieces as possible.
【小题1】________
【小题2】________
【小题3】________
【小题4】What does the passage mainly want to tell readers?(答案不多于10个单词)
________________________

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