Mark Hoffman and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh products from the garden.
The Hoffmans have been growing food and flowers for twenty-five years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffman has been experimenting(做实验) and working with shade plantings. He says, “The bottom line here is that most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, there are other choices.”
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees(橡树) can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffman says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours’ direct sunshine a day, especially morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours’ full sun a day, it also shows how plants and tree roots(树根) can share nutrients(养分) and water. Mr. Hoffman also planted asparagus(芦笋) around a tree. When it rains, all the rain from the leaves of the tree drops down right on the asparagus.
Mr. Hoffman says plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun.
Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem with leaf hoppers. Mr. Hoffman does not use pesticide(杀虫剂). Instead, he planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Leaf hoppers dislike shade, and the hottest part day is when they do the worst of their damage(破坏).
Time of day, brightness of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings all influence how much sunlight falls or does not fall on plants. People who are interested in shade planting should also consider different conditions which planting vegetables in the shade.
【小题1】What can we infer from the second paragraph?A.Food and flowers produce more in the shade. |
B.Food and flowers can’t grow without full sun. |
C.Planting food in the shade is the best choice. |
D.Sun can influence the production of some plant. |
A.how plants and trees share water | B.vegetables grow better in the shade |
C.how leaves get sunshine under the tree | D.asparagus prefers to grow in the shade |
A.plants | B.insects | C.pesticides | D.potatoes |
A.To introduce Mark Hoffman and his family. |
B.To recommend a method of managing a website. |
C.To show vegetables can be planted in the shade. |
D.To show vegetable must be planted in the shade. |
A.Environment | B.Travelling | C.Agriculture | D.Lifestyle |
Dr. Chip Taylor teaches biology at a university in the United States. He studies one kind of North American butterfly. During the late summer or autumn, this butterfly travels from Northern USA and Southern Canada to Mexico, covering thousands of miles. Fantastic facts about the butterfly have been drawing Dr. Taylor’s attention.
In Mexico, the butterflies always return to the same small piece of forest, which is only 20 kilometers wide. Here, as many as 230 million butterflies spend the winter. They cover some trees almost completely. The butterflies that return to the south are the great-great grandchildren of the butteries that left for the north. When they begin to travel north in spring, the females lay eggs. They lay eggs on only one plant: milkweed.
But in Mexico, people cut down the trees that the butterflies need to rest on because they want more land for farming. In the United States and Canada, farmers use chemicals that kill milkweed. This worries Dr. Taylor a lot.
Now things are improving. Mexico has begun to protect parts of its forests. The United States and Canada have encouraged farmers to use fewer chemicals.
Scientists still don’t understand how the butterflies know when to fly south. If they are even a few days late, they will freeze (冻僵). And how do all the great-great grandchildren find the same forest in Mexico every year? This is both puzzling and interesting for many scientists.
There are many mysteries yet to be discovered by those interested in science. Would you like to study biology?
【小题1】When do the butterflies lay eggs?A.In spring. | B.In summer. | C.In autumn. | D.In winter. |
A.Fantastic facts about the butterflies. |
B.The plant that the butterflies rest on. |
C.The troubling living environment of the butterflies. |
D.Scientists’ puzzle about the butterflies’ living habits. |
A.Clear facts. | B.Interesting things. |
C.Awful things. | D.Unknown facts. |
A.The butterflies know when to fly south. |
B.The butterflies will freeze when they fly to south. |
C.The butterflies cover most of the forests in Mexico. |
D.The butterflies travel about 20 kilometers from north to south. |
A.Life and Health. | B.Science World. |
C.Language and Culture. | D.Famous People. |
Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it’s too late.
Learn to swim
Seriously, this is so important that it can save your life. lf you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to do water sports like water skiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you. Make sure you do it.
Try at least one kind of team sports
Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.
Collect something
One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You can collect different kinds of stamps, or you can collect things that make you remember what you have done, just like cinema tickets for films you have seen or emails from friends. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget.
【小题1】The most important reason for learning to swim is that ________.A.it can save your life | B.it can make you healthy |
C.you might easily do lots of things | D.it can make you happy |
A.you’ll study in groups | B.you’ll go to parties and make many friends |
C.you’ll take part in many matches | D.you’ll learn to swim |
A.collect something | B.do some water sports |
C.send emails to your friends | D.go to lots of parties |
A.Stamps. | B.Cinema tickets. | C.Snow balls. | D.Emails from friends. |
A.good habits to keep | B.skills to have |
C.things to do | D.team sports to try |
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