When William Erasmus Darvin was born in December 1839, his father Charles Darwin began to carefully record observations of his firstborn in a notebook. Now housed at Cambridge University Library, it reads more like a research paper.
Today we know a good deal about Darwin’s theories. We know far less about how his private life—particularly his family—contributed to his work. But his notebook shows another side of the founding father of evolution: Darwin as a family man.
Darwin’s son William was born a year after the scientist first met London Zoo’s first orangutan(猩猩), Jenny. “The orangutan for Darwin was like a window into the origins of mankind,” says John van Wyhe, director of Darwin Online.
At this time, Darwin was already forming ideas about where humans came from, but he had never met one of our close ape(猿) relatives to test these theories. His meeting with Jenny helped build up his idea that we shared a common ancestor(祖先) with apes. He was already looking for a “real relationship between humans and apes”, says van Wyhe. When he saw Jenny’s facial expressions and noticed her social behavior, he knew his ideas were right.
What stood out to him was how human-like some of her behavior was, which he wrote about in a letter to his sister Susan: “The keeper showed her an apple, but would not give it to her, whereupon she threw herself on her back, kicked and cried, just like a naughty child.”
When his son was born soon after, it meant that he could see first-hand how a human child developed, and consider the relationship between humans and animals. “The notebook shows Darwin as a good-humoured though curious father who is playing with his young baby like he is another ape,” says van Wyhe.
His observations about both his family and Jenny the ape went on to influence his 1871 book. The Descen of Man and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published in 1872.
根据短文内容,请用完整句子回答下列问题。
【小题1】What did Darwin do after his first child was born?
【小题2】What idea did Darwin hold before meeting Jenny?
【小题3】What did Darwin think of ape, Jenny?
【小题4】What does the text mainly want to tell us?
【小题5】What can you learn from Darwin?
Many people have their dreams at home and abroad. During the Ming Dynasty, there was a man Wan Hu whose dream in life was “flying to the moon”. One day, he tied himself to a chair with 47 self-made “rockets” and held a big kite in his hands. He lit the “rockets” and disappeared into the sky. Hundreds of years later, in 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped down from Apollo 11 and walked on the moon. He was the first man to set foot on the moon. It was a great dream. (A) .
There are many people like Wan in the world. (B)他们从未停止实现他们的梦想.American civil rights leader Martin Luther King once said “I have a dream”. His dream helped American people of all races (种族) get the same right. Seeing hungry people, Yuan Longping invented the hybrid rice for his dream of “feeding everybody in China”.
Dreams are important because they give us directions for our lives. With dreams, we set goals and make plans to change our present situations. So we can always change the world for the better. Let’s work harder for our dreams.
【小题1】从下面选项中选出能放入文中(A) 处的最佳选项。A.It was also Martin Luther King’s dream. | B.It was also Wan Hu’s dream. | C.It was also Yuan’s dream. |
【小题3】根据文章和表格内容,在(C)和(D)处填入适当词语。
Many people have dreams. |
| important, work harder |
【小题5】请用句话写出你的梦想。My dream is
Zhang Haidi (张海迪) was born in196 in Shandong. At the age of five, she became very ill and disabled. She couldn’t stand on her legs and had to sit on a wheelchair. So she couldn’t go to school. But Haidi learned to read and write at home. She learned many languages too. She knows English, French, German, and Chinese of course. And she learned Chinese medicine too. And she taught her these. She can write well, and she became a writer. She translated some English books into Chinese and wrote some books. She gave her books to the poor kids without money. She was a hero to many Chinese people.
Zhang Haidi | |
How she became when she was 5 years old | very ill and |
Where she learned to read and write | |
How she learned languages and Chinese medicine | All by |
What she is very good at | |
What she does with her books | Giving |
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