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“How are you?” is a nice question. It’s a friendly way that people in the USA greet each other. But “How are you?” is also a very unusual question. It’s a question that often doesn’t need an answer.

The person who asks “How are you?” hopes to hear the answer “Fine”, even if the person’s friend isn’t fine. The reason is that “How are you?” isn’t really a question and “Fine” isn’t really an answer. They are simply other ways of saying “Hello” or “Hi”.

Sometimes, people don’t say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks “Do you agree?”, the other person might think, “No, I disagree. I think you’re wrong.” But it isn’t very polite to disagree so strongly, so the other person might say “I’m not sure.” It’s a nicer way to say that you don’t agree with someone.

People don’t say exactly what they are thinking when they want to finish talking with other people. For example, many talks over the phone finish when one person says “I’ve got to go now.” Often, the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse: “Someone’s at the door.” “Something is burning on the stove.” The excuses might be real or not. Perhaps the person who wants to hang up simply doesn’t want to talk any more, but it isn’t polite to say that. The excuse is more polite, and it doesn’t hurt the other person.

Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an idea, or finishing a talk, people don’t say exactly what they are thinking. It’s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it’s part of the game of language.

【小题1】According to the passage, what should a person say when he disagrees with someone?
A.You are wrong. I disagree.B.I’m not sure.
C.I’m sure I disagree.D.I don’t agree with you.
【小题2】What can a person say when he wants to finish a talk politely?
A.You have to go now.B.I want to hang up.
C.I have to go now.D.I don’t want to talk any more.
【小题3】What is a person probably doing when he says “Someone’s at the door.”?
A.Giving an excuse to finish talking.
B.Hurting someone’s feelings.
C.Talking to a person at the door.
D.Going to another place.
【小题4】What is the rule of the game of language?
A.Always say what you mean.
B.Don’t disagree with people.
C.Never say exactly what you’re thinking.
D.Be nice to each other.
2022·浙江杭州·一模
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A rabbit is running into its hole. You may ask, “What happened?”

Well, when a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away. Its tail moves up and down as it runs. When other rabbits see this tail moving up and down, they run too. They know that there is a danger. The rabbit has told them something without making a sound. It has given them a signal.

Many other animals use this kind of language too. When a bee found some food, it goes back to its home. It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air. This tells the other bees to go with it to find food.

Some animals say things by making sounds. A dog barks, for example, when a stranger comes near. A cat purrs (发出呼噜呼噜的声音) when it is pleased. Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning.

But human beings have something that no animals have—a large number of words about things, actions, feelings or ideas. We are able to give each other information and to tell or inform other people what is in our mind or how we feel. By writing words down we can remind ourselves of the things that have happened, or send messages to people far away. No animal can do this. No animal has the wonderful power of language.

No one knows how man learned to make words. As centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.

People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world. A very large English dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand words. But we do not know all of them. The words we know are called vocabulary. We should try to make our vocabulary larger. Read as many books as possible. When we meet a new word, look it up in the dictionary. A dictionary is the most useful book.

【小题1】When a rabbit gives the other rabbits a signal of danger, it runs into its hole.
【小题2】When a rabbit wants to tell other rabbits something happy, he runs with its tail moving up and down.
【小题3】When the rabbit saw a man, it would stop to move its tail.
【小题4】A dog can tell something by barking.
【小题5】No animals can do better than men in language.
【小题6】It has been proved that no animal is able to express its actions and feelings with words.
【小题7】We can make our vocabulary larger by reading as many book as we can.

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