Rock music is a kind of popular music that firstly came from “rock and roll” in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into different styles in the 1960s and later, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Rock music developed from the African-American blues（布鲁斯）and from country music. Later, rock music also learned from other kinds of music such as electric（电子的）blues, folk, jazz, classical and other musical styles. Musically, rock has centered（以……为中心）on the electric guitar, usually group with electric bass（贝斯）and drums and one or more singers. By the late 1960s “classic rock” period some other rock music appeared, including blues rock, folk rock, country rock, jazz-rock and so on.

Like pop music, rock music is often about love, people lives or politics. It also shows changes in social attitudes to race, sex and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt（反叛）against adult.

①Do you wear clothes with colorful patterns (图案)? People usually use machines to make these patterns. But how did ancient people make them?

②Ancient people used tie-dye (扎染). Tie-dye is a very old way of dyeing clothes in China— it’s more than 1,000 years old! It is popular in Yunnan. People first put cloth (布料) into the blue dye (染料). Some parts of the cloth become blue, but other parts have a lighter color. When you open out the cloth, you’ll see beautiful patterns.

③Now, the tie-dye skill is China’s national intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产). Dali in Yunnan is famous for tie-dye.

④Yang Cheng, 52, learned tie-dye from his mother in the 1980s. Yang got the old skills. At the same time, he studied tie-dye in other countries, such as Japan, India and France. It once took Yang two years to make two tie-dyed dresses! He used many skills of Dali tie-dye. Some patterns on the dresses are traditional. But some are modern. He used pictures of Dianchi Lake and eight popular flowers in Yunnan. “I want to put all the beautiful things into tie-dye works,” Yang said.

⑤Now Yang is still dyeing and teaching his daughter tie-dye. “We have the duty to pass down the skill to younger generations (一代).” Yang said. Yang now teaches tie-dye in schools, communities (社区), and factories. More than 100, 000 people learned from him.

⑥______ But Yang said, “Machines can’t take the place of (代替) our creative hands.”

The Laba Festival is on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month. 【小题1】 This tradition could go back to the Song Dynasty (960—1279). From the imperial court (宫廷) to every family, cooking Laba Rice Porridge (粥) was a seasonal must. They not only cooked the dish for their own family members, but also sent it to others as a gift. 【小题2】 So Laba Rice Porridge was also called “Longevity Blessing Porridge”(寿福粥) and “Virtue Blessing Porridge” (德福粥).

Now, every family would still cook Laba Rice Porridge on this day. They usually make it with different kinds of rice, beans (豆类), nuts (坚果) and dried fruits. Do you know how to make it? 【小题3】

First, wash the rice and beans in water.

Next, put them into a pot. 【小题4】

Then, cook it for one and a half hours over low heat.

【小题5】

Finally, turn off the heat after another 30 minutes.

Now, it’s time to enjoy the delicious Laba Rice Porridge.