Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
【小题1】The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A.teachers | B.classmates | C.doctors | D.brothers or sisters |
A.After they go into society. | B.Before they enter school. |
C.When they are at school. | D.Before they are born. |
A.As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life. |
B.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students. |
C.People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors. |
D.Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts. |
It’s never too late to develop good study habits. Follow these good habits, and they will help you become better students.
Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Make a plan of your time. Then decide on a good time for studying. This weekly plan may not solve(解决)all of your problems, but it will make you know how to spend(花)your time.
Find a good place to study. Choose(选择)one place for studying. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be quiet. When you begin to work, you should be able to focus on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means(意味着)less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Taking notes helps you remember what the teacher says.
【小题1】The underlined(划线)word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to(指的是)“______”.A.the desk | B.the school library | C.the place |
A.Developing good study habits. |
B.Listening to the teacher carefully. |
C.Making a list of your weekly tasks. |
A.It’s important to take notes in class. |
B.The weekly plan can work out all your problems. |
C.The place must be a desk or a chair to study at home. |
A.Plan your time carefully |
B.Make good use of your time |
C.How to develop good study habits |
Why are your study habits different from those of your friends? Why do you seem to learn faster in some classes while more slowly in others? One reason you may not know is that people have different learning types. Scientists say there are three different learning types: Visual, Auditory (听觉) and Kinesthetic (动觉型).
Visual learners learn best by seeing. If you seem to easily remember information from pictures, graphs (图表) and videos, you are probably a visual learner. You are not good at copying down what the teacher says in class. Never mind. You can draw graphs or pictures instead, if you find that works better for you.
Auditory learners learn best by hearing. If you seem to easily remember things by hearing them, then you are probably an auditory learner. You must listen carefully while the teacher is speaking because it’s the easiest way for you to learn. Sometimes you may find that taking notes stops you from listening carefully. After class, you can write down what you remember or borrow your friends’ notes to copy.
Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing. If you seem to learn best by working with your hands, you are probably a kinesthetic learner. Taking notes by writing can make you pay close attention to information as you receive it. Of course, you can learn best by making full use of labs or other class activities.
Hope you learn better by knowing what your personal learning type is.
【小题1】The meaning of “Visual” is ________.A.感观型 | B.视觉型 | C.听觉型 | D.动觉型 |
A.By listening to the teachers. | B.By writing down what the teachers say. |
C.By drawing graphs or pictures. | D.By working with his hands. |
A.libraries | B.classrooms | C.labs | D.offices |
A.Study habits | B.Ways to study |
C.Learning types | D.Reasons to learn |
I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal (谷类食物) and eggs. When others had Coke and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
My mother knew where we were at all times. She knew who our friends were. We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day. The other kids got to wear the same clothes for days.
We had to be in bed by 9:00 pm and up at 8:00 am. We couldn’t sleep till noon like our friends. So while they slept, our mother gave us work to do. We had to wash dishes, make beds and learn to cook. I believe she lay awake at night thinking up mean things to do to us.
Through the years, things didn’t improve a bit. We could not lie in bed “sick” like our friends did in order to miss school.
My mother was the meanest mother. Out of four children, a couple of us went on to higher education. None of us have ever done bad things. She made us grow up into educated and honest people. I am trying to raise my children like this. I will feel proud when my children call me mean.
Because, you see, I am so thankful I had the meanest mother in the whole world.
【小题1】What does the sentence “But at least I wasn’t alone” mean?A.The writer’s mother was only mean to her. |
B.The writer’s mother liked her best of all children. |
C.The writer’s sister and brothers were mean to her as well. |
D.The writer’s mother was also mean to her sister and brothers. |
A.eat as much candy as they wanted | B.learn to do housework |
C.go to bed and get up at fixed times | D.wear clean clothes |
A.to be competitive with each other | B.to make more friends easily |
C.to be educated and honest people | D.to drop out from school early |
A.Hateful. | B.Thankful. | C.Worried. | D.Angry. |
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