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It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. 
【小题1】The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A.teachersB.classmatesC.doctorsD.brothers or sisters
【小题2】When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?
A.After they go into society.B.Before they enter school.
C.When they are at school.D.Before they are born.
【小题3】Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A.As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life.
B.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.
C.People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.
D.Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts.
2012·江苏无锡·一模
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Why are your study habits different from those of your friends? Why do you seem to learn faster in some classes while more slowly in others? One reason you may not know is that people have different learning types. Scientists say there are three different learning types: Visual, Auditory (听觉) and Kinesthetic (动觉型).

Visual learners learn best by seeing. If you seem to easily remember information from pictures, graphs (图表) and videos, you are probably a visual learner. You are not good at copying down what the teacher says in class. Never mind. You can draw graphs or pictures instead, if you find that works better for you.

Auditory learners learn best by hearing. If you seem to easily remember things by hearing them, then you are probably an auditory learner. You must listen carefully while the teacher is speaking because it’s the easiest way for you to learn. Sometimes you may find that taking notes stops you from listening carefully. After class, you can write down what you remember or borrow your friends’ notes to copy.

Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing. If you seem to learn best by working with your hands, you are probably a kinesthetic learner. Taking notes by writing can make you pay close attention to information as you receive it. Of course, you can learn best by making full use of labs or other class activities.

Hope you learn better by knowing what your personal learning type is.

【小题1】The meaning of “Visual” is ________.
A.感观型B.视觉型C.听觉型D.动觉型
【小题2】How can a visual learner remember information?
A.By listening to the teachers.B.By writing down what the teachers say.
C.By drawing graphs or pictures.D.By working with his hands.
【小题3】Kinesthetic learners can put ________ to good use.
A.librariesB.classroomsC.labsD.offices
【小题4】The best title of the passage may be ________.
A.Study habitsB.Ways to study
C.Learning typesD.Reasons to learn

I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal (谷类食物) and eggs. When others had Coke and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.

My mother knew where we were at all times. She knew who our friends were. We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day. The other kids got to wear the same clothes for days.

We had to be in bed by 9:00 pm and up at 8:00 am. We couldn’t sleep till noon like our friends. So while they slept, our mother gave us work to do. We had to wash dishes, make beds and learn to cook. I believe she lay awake at night thinking up mean things to do to us.

Through the years, things didn’t improve a bit. We could not lie in bed “sick” like our friends did in order to miss school.

My mother was the meanest mother. Out of four children, a couple of us went on to higher education. None of us have ever done bad things. She made us grow up into educated and honest people. I am trying to raise my children like this. I will feel proud when my children call me mean.

Because, you see, I am so thankful I had the meanest mother in the whole world.

【小题1】What does the sentence “But at least I wasn’t alone” mean?
A.The writer’s mother was only mean to her.
B.The writer’s mother liked her best of all children.
C.The writer’s sister and brothers were mean to her as well.
D.The writer’s mother was also mean to her sister and brothers.
【小题2】The writer’s mother often asked her children to do the following EXCEPT ________.
A.eat as much candy as they wantedB.learn to do housework
C.go to bed and get up at fixed timesD.wear clean clothes
【小题3】The writer’s mother was mean to her children because she wanted her children ________.
A.to be competitive with each otherB.to make more friends easily
C.to be educated and honest peopleD.to drop out from school early
【小题4】What is the writer’s attitude(态度) toward her mother now?
A.Hateful.B.Thankful.C.Worried.D.Angry.

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