The British Museum is one of the biggest museums in the world. Inside, you feel smaller than usual because there are so many things to see.
The story of the British Museum goes hack about three hundred years to one unusual man, Sir Hans Sloane, a doctor. The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers and other things from all over the world. The doctor wanted everything to stay together when he died, so that people could come and have a look. He bequeathed his collections to King George II for the country. So the British Museum began. King George II gave away his library, and the museum started to grow.
The British Museum opened in 1759, six years after Sir Huns Sloane died. At first the museum was only open three days a week and only ten people could enter for an hour. There wasn't much time to see things. Visitors had to run through the rooms.
By about 1800, things began to get better. Wonderful statues which were three thousand years old arrived from Egypt. King George IV sold all his books to the museum secretly. A hundred years ago not only old books but also new ones arrived at the museum, and more people came to read them. Since then many famous men have written and studied there. And the library of the museum is growing bigger and bigger. There are four kilometers of new shelves and about two million visitors every year.
【小题1】What was Sir Hans Sloane interested in________.| A．Collecting all kinds of books. | B．Collecting all kinds of drawings. |
| C．Collecting all kinds of money. | D．Collecting all kinds of things. |
| A．handed out | B．put away | C．gave away | D．sold out |
| A．In 1753. | B．In1759. | C．In1765. | D．In1800. |
| A．Because there were only several things to see. |
| B．Because the museum was the biggest one in the world. |
| C．Because they were not interested in the things in it. |
| D．Because they had only one hour to see all the things in it. |
| A．Sir Hans Sloane. | B．King George Ⅱ. |
| C．The history of British Museum. | D．The books in the museum. |
Do you often listen to music or watch TV while eating?
Some researchers from Brigham Young University carried out two experiments to test the relationship between “ the food sound salience (进食声音特性)” and the amount of food you eat during a meal. In the first experiment, people were given snacks to eat while they wore headphones.
In the second experiment, they found it could make people eat less when people just heard chewing sounds through an advertisement. These two experiments show that you should mind not just the taste and the appearance of food, but also the sounds when you are eating.
So the next time you eat something delicious, turn the music player and TV off.
| A．They could listen to loud or quiet music. |
| B．Can you hear your chewing (咀嚼) sounds? |
| C．Just enjoy the food and your chewing sounds. |
| D．Change your life habits and become different. |
| E．Listening to your chewing can help you lose weight. |
| F．The result suggests that people are likely to eat less if they can hear themselves eating. |
Parents, teachers, and anyone who often deals with teens know how difficult the teen years can be. Teens always do wild and even dangerous things. This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth. Now, scientists have a new idea of why teens act this way.
Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during the teen years do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes. These changes were once thought to be finished by age 12. Now, scientists have found that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动) with the need to follow rules. However, a still-developing brain does this clumsily. The result is the unpredictable behavior (行为) in teens.
The studies show that teens prefer to take risks (冒险). Luckily, the news isn’t all bad. As brain scientist B. J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires (激发) such behavior to help teens prepare for adult life. One way is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward (回报). When teens think about rewards, their brains get more pleasure than an adult brain would. This makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more strongly than adults do.
Although teens sometimes make bad decisions for greater rewards, they are still less afraid to try new things. The special period of brain developing is what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully.
【小题1】What is the main purpose of the reading?
| A．To advise teens to think the same as their parents. |
| B．To explain how teen brains affect their behavior. |
| C．To describe a study on teen brains. |
| D．To encourage teens to take risks. |
| A．It is almost at the full size by the age of six. |
| B．It makes teens less afraid to try new things. |
| C．It goes on developing until about age 12. |
| D．It changes the way teens measure risk and reward. |
| A．without skills | B．with hope | C．without danger | D．with warmth |
| A．The teens can get less pleasure than adults. |
| B．The bad side of the studies is not understood. |
| C．The way teen brains work has some strong points. |
| D．The weak points of the teen brain can be predicted. |
| A．successful | B．helpful | C．acceptable | D．unpredictable |
The elephant is another animal that lives in groups. An elephant group usually has from twenty to forty members. The elephants in the group help each other when in trouble.
The leader of the group is usually a wise and strong female(雌性 ). She travels at the head of the group and the other females and their young follow her. The bull elephants(公象) follow last. When danger comes, the bulls make a circle around the weaker animals
and protect them. The members of the group are friendly to each other. The group will not leave the sick elephants to die. If an elephant is sick, the whole group stops travelling until it gets well. When an elephant is hurt, two others walk on both sides of it and support it with their bodies. A member of the group may be in a trap(陷阱). Then the others try to free it.
Elephants give the young special care. They help young animals swim when crossing a river because the young can’t swim well. They work together to save a calf that has walked into a dangerous place.
A female elephant that is going to give birth to her young leaves the group for a short time. However, she takes another female along to act as “aunt”. The aunt helps the mother with her new-born calf. In this way, the whole group protects its newest member.
【小题1】What is a baby elephant called?
| A．A calf. | B．A group. | C．An “aunt”. | D．A bull. |
| A．the enemies (敌人) | B．the females | C．the weaker animals | D．the leader of the group |
| A．The aunt teaches the baby elephant to swim. |
| B．The aunt takes away the baby elephant to the group. |
| C．The aunt is the only one that will go with the mother. |
| D．The aunt tries to protect the female elephant and her baby. |
| A．Baby elephants can swim well. |
| B．The group will leave the sick elephants to die |
| C．Other elephants always try to free the one in the trap. |
| D．Most elephant groups have over a hundred members. |
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