Do you play with your phone before bedtime? You may want to read a book instead. According to a US study, looking at screens at night can cause us to sleep badly.
In the evening, our bodies make melatonin (褪黑素). Melatonin helps us feel sleepy and relaxed. It’s an important part of our sleep cycle (周期). Our electronic screens stop that cycle from working normally (正常地).
Why? Phones, computers and TVs make blue light. Blue light stops our bodies from making melatonin. Even just a little bit of blue light can have an effect (影响). Eight minutes of blue light can keep your brain “awake” for an hour, according to the study. Even if you fall asleep, you may have lots of dreams. Your brain won’t have a good rest.
It’s even worse if you play an exciting game before bed. Games make our hearts beat faster, so we have a harder time falling asleep. Then, when we fall asleep, we don’t get enough “deep sleep”.
【小题1】Does melatonin help us feel sleepy and relaxed?
【小题2】What do phones, computers and TVs make to stop our bodies from making melatonin?
【小题3】How long can eight minutes of blue light keep our brain “awake”?
【小题4】Do you think you have enough sleep? Why or why not?
With a little bit of milk and white vinegar (醋), you can create a material similar to plastic in minutes. The experiment is completely safe and you can make whatever you would like out of the plastic.
Heat(加热)a cup(240 ml) of milk. Pour the milk into a pot. Heat the milk until it is just under boiling. Keep stɪrɪng(搅拌)the milk.
Add 4 spoons(60 ml)of white vinegar to the milk and stir. While the milk is still hot, add all of the vinegar to the pot and stir slowly. As you stir, you could see that clumps(团块)will start to form. If no clumps form, the milk is not hot enough. Try again with hotter milk.
Pour the warm “milk” through the strainer(过滤器). Simply place the strainer on the top of the bowl.Let the “milk”cool for a bit and then pour it over the strainer. Then you will see the clumps remaining on the top of the strainer. Put the clumps on a piece of paper.
Squeeze(捏)all of your clumps together. Work it with your hands for a few minutes until it is easy to shape. You can use models to form a shape and set it aside to dry. Wait at least 2 days for the “plastic” to dry.
How to make “plastic” out of milk | |
![]() | First, pour |
![]() | Second, add four spoons of white vinegar to the pot and stir until |
![]() | Third, |
![]() | Fourth, squeeze all the clumps together, form a shape with models and |
Most goldfish are gold or orange or red, but some are black, and some have spots. Young goldfish are little. Old goldfish are bigger. A goldfish has a tail. It has one big fin on its back and little fins underneath (在下面). Its fins and its tail help it to swim. A goldfish has two big eyes. It has a mouth that opens and shuts. It has gills(鳃).
All goldfish live in fresh water. They do not live in salty seawater. Water in a goldfish tank has to be very clean.
Goldfish eat fish food and little white worms. They just eat a little. If the water is very cold, goldfish cannot eat at all.
Food that they do not eat will make the water dirty, and then the goldfish will get sick. Do not give bread to goldfish. They will eat some of it, but it is not good for them, and it will make water dirty.
A goldfish has gills to take air out of the water. Have you seen a fish opening and shutting its mouth? Water is going into its mouth and out of its gills.
Goldfish | |
What do goldfish | ● Goldfish have different shapes and ● It can’t swim |
● They don’t live in seawater but ● We should make the water in the tank | |
How do we | ● Goldfish eat fish food and little white worms. ● We shouldn’t give them bread because it’s |
Something else | ● When you see a fish opening its mouth, water is ● When you see a fish shutting its mouth, water is going out of its gills. |
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