①Every now and then you may see news of satellites sent into space. On Feb 21, for example, US company Space X took 46 satellites into orbit. On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do out there?
②At present, there are more than 3,000 satellites moving around the Earth, according to Germany. Satellites are very helpful to humans. They do all kinds of work, from transmitting (传送) TV signals to giving you directions on the road to helping scientists do research.
③For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can be easier to find. Drones (无人机) can also use BeiDou to fly.
④Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far. Mountains or tall buildings would stop them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth.
⑤Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather. By monitoring (监测) wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help people deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite pictures to decide the best time to water their fields.
⑥Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s rings (土星环). In 2020, Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its job is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
【小题1】What’s the structure of this passage?A.①②—③④⑤-⑥ | B.①—②③—④⑤⑥ | C.①—②—③④⑤⑥ |
A.China has 22 satellites in space altogether. |
B.Humans have sent many satellites into space. |
C.There is a serious competition between China and the US. |
A.Shared bikes last longer. | B.Locate items more accurately. | C.Drones fly farther. |
a. TV signals didn’t go very far before satellites.
b. Satellites are very helpful to humans.
c. Satellites help scientists predict changes in weather.
d. Some satellites fly near other planets.
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Four. |
A.What can the satellites do for humans? |
B.What are advantages and disadvantages of satellites? |
C.Why countries are competing to send satellites into space? |
When we think of paper, we think of newspapers and books. But there are many other uses. Only half of the world’s paper is used for books and newspapers.
Paper is very good for keeping you warm. You have perhaps seen homeless men sleep on a large number of newspapers. In Finland, it is sometimes -40℃ in winter. The farmers wear paper boots (靴子) in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.
Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper cups and plates for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. Besides paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. When you have used them once, you may throw them away and buy new ones.
The latest use of paper seems to be paper houses. These are not small houses for children to play in, but real, big houses for people to live in. You can buy a house with three rooms for about 500 dollars. You can put it up by yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about five years.
【小题1】Only half of the world’s paper is used to ________.A.help the homeless people |
B.print (印刷) newspapers and books |
C.make chairs, tables and beds |
A.to feel much cooler | B.to be cool | C.to keep their feet warm |
A.not expensive and easy to build up |
B.made for children to play in or for homeless men to live in |
C.made only for the rich people |
A.use it for a long time | B.sell it to others | C.throw it away |
Physics can be amazing. The same force that makes airplanes fly can also cool down your bedroom on a hot summer night. This is called Bernoulli’s Principle (伯努利定律).
Recently, a science teacher’s video got a lot of attention. In the video, User Wolf-Science, from England, shows how to quickly fill a large bag with air using Bernoulli’s Principle.
Bernoulli’s Principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss physicist who introduced it in 1738. It says that when fluids (流体)liquids and gases move quickly, they create low-pressure zones(低压区域). Faster movement means lower pressure. The higher-pressure fluids will rush to fill the low-pressure zone.
In the video, the teacher blows into a large bag 10 times with his mouth. But he can’t fill the bag with air like this. Then, he puts the bag a few centimeters away from his mouth and blows hard one time. The moving air creates a low-pressure zone inside the bag. Air rushes in, filling the bag in just one second!
How does this make an airplane fly? The secret is the shape of the wings. The shape causes air moving over the top of the wing to go faster than the air moving below. This creates a low-pressure zone above the wing. Higher-pressure air from below rushes upward, lifting the plane of the ground.
You can put Bernoulli’s Principle to work at home. If your bedroom is full of hot air, you can cool it quickly. Point an electric fan toward the window, but don’t put it too close. When the fan runs, it will create a low-pressure zone. The hot air will go out the window. Firefighters use this same trick to quickly clear smoke out of a house.
【小题1】A force can make airplanes fly and ________ on a hot summer night.A.warm up your bedroom | B.make a bag fly |
C.open your window | D.cool down your bedroom |
A.England. | B.Italy. | C.America. | D.Switzerland. |
A.Because there wasn’t high-pressure zone inside the bag. |
B.Because there was too much air inside the bag. |
C.Because there wasn’t a low-pressure zone inside the bag. |
D.Because the bag was far from his mouth. |
A.The light in the airplane. | B.The shape of the wings. |
C.The lower-pressure air from below. | D.The moving of air. |
A.You can put a fan close to the window. |
B.You can put a fan out of the window. |
C.You can create a high-pressure zone in your room. |
D.You can create a low-pressure zone in your room. |
Your brain controls everything you do. It makes it possible for you to think, learn, create and feel; to blink(眨眼)and breathe and for your heart to beat--this fantastic control center is your brain. It is so amazing that a famous scientist once called it “the most complex (复杂) thing we have yet discovered in our universe.”
Can this small grey organ (器官) , which weighs less than one and a half kilos, really do so much? Amazingly, your brain contains about 100 billion neurons (神经元) --it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the world. And although one neuron create only a little electricity, all your neurons together can produce enough electricity to power a light bulb (灯泡).
So exactly how fast does your brain work? Well, imagine this: a bee lands on your foot. Neurons in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour, Your brain then uses other neurons to send the message back to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. These neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour. No computer has your brain's unbelievable ability to deal with the amount of information coming from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.
But how does your brain allow you to learn things that you will use in the future? The structure(结构)of your brain changes every time you have a new thought, remember or learn something. For example, riding a bike seems impossible at first, but soon you are able to do it. How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages again and again. Soon, the actions are learnt and you are able to ride a bike easily from then on.
【小题1】From the passage we know that neurons ________ .A.receive messages very slowly | B.are only found in your skin |
C.send messages to your brain | D.need electricity to work |
A.compare them with the human brain | B.show how fast they have become |
C.say that computers have no abilities | D.ask people to use computers more |
A.your brain will power a light bulb | B.your heart beats faster |
C.you remember something | D.the structure of your brain changes |
A.all the steps when your brain learns things |
B.what an unbelievable organ the human brain is |
C.how the brain makes people smarter than computers |
D.the things you can do to make your brain work faster |
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