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Did you know that humans aren’t the only species (物种) that use language? Bees communicate by dancing. Whales talk to each other by singing. And some apes talk to humans by using American Sign Language.
A female gorilla, Koko, was born at the San Francisco Zoo on July 4th, 1971. Koko learned sign language from her trainer, Dr. Penny Patterson. Patterson began teaching sign language to Koko in 1972, when Koko was one year old. Koko must have been a good student, because two years later she moved onto the Stanford University campus with Dr. Patterson. Koko continued to learn on the campus until 1976. That’s when she began living full-time with Patterson’s group, the Gorilla Foundation. Patterson and Koko’s relationship has blossomed ever since.
Dr. Patterson says that Koko has mastered sign language and known over 1,000 words, and that Koko makes up new words. For example, Koko didn’t know the sign for ring, so she signed the words finger and bracelet. Dr. Patterson thinks that this shows meaningful and constructive use of language.
Not everyone agrees with Dr. Patterson. Some argue that apes like Koko do not understand the meaning of what they are doing. Some people who don’t believe that say that these apes are just performing complex tricks (戏法). For example, if Koko points to an apple and signs red or apple, Dr. Patterson will give her an apple. They argue that Koko does not really know what the sign apple means. She only knows that that if she makes the right motion, one which Dr. Patterson has shown her, then she gets an apple. The debate is unresolved, but one thing is for certain: Koko is an extraordinary ape.
It seems like Patterson and Koko have a good relationship, but not everyone agrees with it. Some people believe that Patterson is humanizing the ape. They think that apes should be left in the most natural state possible. Even Dr. Patterson struggles with these feelings. When she was asked if her findings could be duplicated by another group of scientists, she said, “We don’t think that it would be ethical (道德的) to do again.” She went on to argue that animals should not be kept in such unnatural circumstances.
As for the future, Dr. Patterson and the Gorilla Foundation would love to get Koko to an ape preserve (保护区) in Maui, but they are having trouble getting the land. So unless you have a few million dollars to spare, Koko’s going to be spending her time in Woodland, California with Dr. Patterson. Koko probably doesn’t mind that. If she moved to Hawaii, she’d have to give up her Facebook page and Twitter feed, and she’s got like 50 thousand “likes”. Some may deny (否认) that she knows sign language, but nobody says that she doesn’t know social networking.
【小题1】What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the second paragraph?A.To describe the environment in which Koko lives. |
B.To tell readers how Dr. Patterson developed Koko’s living skills. |
C.To advise Patterson to free Koko after she learnt on the campus. |
D.To make an introduction about Koko and Dr. Patterson’s background. |
A.Koko has mastered sign language without a doubt. |
B.Everybody likes how Dr. Patterson has raised Koko. |
C.Some people think that Koko only signs to get food. |
D.The Gorilla Foundation has got a land for Koko to stay naturally. |
A.To disagree with someone. | B.To fool them. |
C.To copy something. | D.To be disproven through debate. |
A.Bees, whales, and apes like Koko all use language to communicate. |
B.Koko uses sign language but some think it’s just a trick. |
C.It is natural for gorillas to learn sign language like humans. |
D.If you want a lot of “likes” on Facebook, get a talking gorilla. |
In the world, more and more people are studying Chinese as a second language. Chinese is difficult to learn, right? Really, written Chinese is difficult to learn. However, the spoken language is quite different. Many famous people in the world ask their children to learn how to speak Chinese at first. When the US President Donald Trump visited China, his granddaughter Arabella sang Chinese songs and recited Chinese poems in a sweet voice in the video. President Xi Jinping praised her in public. Actually, Arabella has been learning the Chinese language since she was only eight months old.
Why do many famous people begin to pay attention to learning Chinese? The first reason is that Chinese is the language spoken by the largest number of people in the world. Learn to speak Chinese and you can speak with millions of people around the world. Second, with thousands of years of history, Chinese culture is very fascinating. Learning Chinese well will help you understand Chinese culture. Of course, there are still other reasons, such as travel, business and so on.
All in all, it is more convenient for you to develop all kinds of relationships with China if you can learn Chinese well.
【小题1】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Written Chinese is easier to learn than spoken Chinese. |
B.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. |
C.Arabella began to learn Chinese when she was two years old. |
D.Learning Chinese well will only help you speak Chinese well. |
A.撰写 | B.默写 | C.编写 | D.背诵 |
A.over four | B.two | C.three | D.four |
A.President Xi Jinping praised Arabella in public. |
B.learning Chinese well will help you understand Chinese culture better. |
C.it is easier for people who can speak Chinese to travel or do business in China. |
D.more and more people are studying Chinese as a second language. |
A.Chinese history. | B.Chinese culture. | C.Famous people. | D.Chinese learning. |
There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant but are not.
But now, let’s go back to facing the music. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says, “Thanks so much for watching my car while I’m away. But please, do not drive it. It is an extremely(极其) fast car.”
When your friend returns, you must tell her what you have done and “face the music ”
A.But you do not listen. |
B.“Face the music” is a good example. |
C.Many slangs appeared in American English. |
D.The“music” here is the result of your actions. |
E.Americans often use the word “face” in this way. |
F.You may put up your hands to express your advice. |
G.There are other same expressions as“face the music”. |
Language is important both because of what it communicates and how it does the communication. The power of language is so strong that it shows how language can actually influence the way we think. To broaden (拓宽) language is to broaden the ability to think. We can see this in children, whose thinking develops gradually hand in hand with the language.
So how should we use the power of language: turning words into shapes. Professors have found that our mind explains what it hears. The words that come out of our mouths, create the reality (现实)-for better or worse. Unfortunately, it’s often worse as we destroy our hope of success simply by using negative language that influences our opinions and kills our confidence. What you think directly influence show you feel and how you behave. So if you think you’re a loser, you’ll feel like a loser. Then, you’ll act like a loser, and you will believe you must be a loser.
Creating a more positive opinion can lead to better result. That’s not to say positive thoughts have magic powers. But positive thoughts lead to productive behavior, which increases your chances of a successful result. To build self-confidence, you have to change the way you speak. Remember them: Try to use positive language. Take actions quickly. Have your opinions. And don’t often say sorry to other people unless you are wrong.
Words have magical powers. They can either bring the greatest happiness or the deepest disappointment (失望).
【小题1】Why is language important to children according to Paragraph 1?A.Because it can develop children’s thinking ability. |
B.Because it introduces some new words to children. |
C.Because it helps children know more about foreign cultures. |
D.Because it can provide a chance for children to get a better education. |
A.develop | B.describe | C.break | D.share. |
A.Two | B.Three | C.Four. | D.Five |
A.The words from our mouths always create a better reality. |
B.What you think has indirect influences on how you behave |
C.Positive thoughts have magic powers to change your behavior. |
D.Negative thoughts may lower your chances of being successful. |
A.New ways of thinking | B.The power of language |
C.The ways to learn a language | D.The importance of being confident |
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