The manatee(海牛)is a large marine mammal(海洋哺乳动物). Manatees are also known as sea cows because of their slow, lazy nature and their grassy meals. Although they have such a name, they are more closely related to elephants. Manatees and elephants evolved from the same ancestor(祖先)over 50 million years ago.
There are three kinds of manatees. The West Indian manatee lives along the North American east coast from Florida to Brazil. The Amazonian manatee inhabits(栖居在)the Amazon River and the African Manatee swims along the west coast and rivers of Africa. Manatees differ in size from 2.4 to 4 metres and can weigh 200 and 590 kilograms. Though they may seem cumbersome, manatees can swim quickly and beautifully. Manatees usually swim about 8 km/h, but they can swim up to 24 km/h when they feel a need for speed.
Like whales and dolphins, manatees breathe air. They go to the surface for air every three to five minutes. However, they can hold their breath underwater for up to 20 minutes. This may have to do with the size of their lungs, as they are a large part of the manatee’s body.
Manatees have been under attack by humans for a long time, threatened by fishing nets and coastal development. The IUCN’s Red List of Threatened Species lists all manatees as vulnerable(脆弱的)or endangered and facing a high risk of dying out.
【小题1】Why are manatees also known as see cows?A.Both manatees and cows are mammals. |
B.Manatees and cows have similar natures. |
C.Manatees and cows have the same ancestor. |
D.Manatees and cows appeared at the same time. |
A.Manatees are sorted by where they live. |
B.Manatees are too heavy to swim very fast. |
C.Manatees’ swimming speed is over 24 km/h. |
D.Manatees weigh differently in different places. |
A.Large and lazy. | B.Large and strong. |
C.Heavy but quick. | D.Ugly but strong. |
A.Why manatees have been under attack by humans. |
B.The introduction of other kinds of marine mammal. |
C.How to protect manatees from dangers or extinction. |
D.Some further information about the nature of manatees. |
A.Elephants in the Sea | B.Three Kinds of Manatees |
C.Protecting Sea Cows | D.Manatee, an Endangered Animal |
There’s no question that Americans love both dogs and cats. About 48 percent of families in the U.S.own dogs and 38 percent own cats. But one thing many people can’t agree on is which animal makes a better pet.
Cat lovers say their pets are easier to care for than dogs. They point out that cats don’t jump on visitors. Also, it’s cheaper to own a cat. Cat owners spend $ 300 to $ 800 less a year than dog owners do. Besides, dogs mess up the house by chewing(咬) things like shoes.
Still, dog owners say the money they spend is worth it. They argue that dogs are more social than cats. Also, scientists say that dogs are smarter than cats. Dog lovers point out that dogs help people, too. For example, dogs can be trained as service pets for people who are disabled.
Here’s what two kids think.
I have both cats and dogs, but I’d rather own a cat at any time. Dogs are noisy and make a mess. Cats are much quieter, and they’re better companions(伴侣).Cats are the perfect size for sitting on my knees. Also, it’s easier to take care of cats.
Michelle, 12, New York
There are many reasons why dogs are called “man’s best friend”. They are playful and love their owners, and you can teach them cool tricks. Cats mostly just care about eating and sleeping. Also, dogs can be service pets and even lifesavers. A cat isn’t going to protect your home from burglars(窃贼).
Logan, 14, Washington D.C.
【小题1】Families with dogs are more than those with cats in the U.S.A.48% | B.38% | C.86% | D.10% |
A.can help people | B.are smarter than cats |
C.can be trained easily | D.are more social than cats |
A.is 2 years younger than Michelle |
B.lives in the same city as Michelle |
C.has both cats and dogs like Michelle |
D.has a different opinion from Michelle |
Most people who move to a foreign country may experience a period of time when they feel very homesick and have a lot of stress. This experience is often called “culture shock”. It is important to understand and learn how to deal with it if you want to adapt (适应) successfully to your new home’s culture.
Generally speaking, there are four stages you will experience if you move to a foreign country. The first stage is usually referred to as (被称为) the excitement stage. When arriving in a new environment, you’ll be interested in the new culture; everything will seem exciting and everyone will seem friendly.
But it isn’t long before the excitement stage moves into the second stage. The excitement you felt before changes to stress. It seems that everything is difficult; the language is hard to learn, friends are difficult to make, and even simple things like shopping are challenges. It is at this stage that you are likely to feel frustrated (沮丧) and homesick. This is the stage which is referred to as “culture shock”.
However, culture shock doesn’t last very long. If you are one of those who manage to overcome it, you’ll move into the “recovery” stage. At this stage, you start to understand and accept the way things are done and the way people behave in your new environment.
The last stage is the “home” stage. This is the stage when you start to feel at home in the new culture. You start to learn from your new home, and prefer certain aspects of the new culture to your own culture.
Culture shock is normal. Everyone in a new situation will go through some form of it. Be brave, and overcoming culture shock is a piece of cake.
【小题1】What is called “culture shock”?A.Stresses when one is travelling or living abroad. |
B.A simple stage when one begins a new life in a different place. |
C.An experience of feeling homesick and stressful when one enters a different culture. |
D.A homesick feeling when one finds it hard to take on some challenges in a foreign country. |
A.both your own culture and the new culture |
B.your own culture better than the new culture |
C.some of the new culture better than your own culture |
D.each part of the new culture better than your own culture |
A.culture shock→excitement→recovery→home |
B.excitement→culture shock→recovery→home |
C.culture shock→excitement→home→recovery |
D.excitement→culture shock→home→recovery |
A.tell us about culture shock |
B.show that culture shock is unusual |
C.advise us to accept different things |
D.encourage us to be brave in a new situation |
When you have a cold, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains (疼痛) all over. You don’t want to work, you stay in bed, feeling terrible.
What makes you ill? It’s germs. Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can’t find them with your eyes but you can see them with a microscope (显微镜). They are very small and there could be hundreds of them in or on a very small thing.
Germs are always found in dirty water. When you look at dirty water under the microscope, you can see them in it.
Germs are found not only in water. They are also found in air and dust (灰尘). If you cut your finger (手指), and if some of the dust goes into the finger, It will become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes germs will go into your body and you will have pain everywhere.
【小题1】The underlined word “germs” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.A.细菌 | B.废弃 | C.空气 |
A.dirty water will make you dirty |
B.there are many germs in it and germs can make you ill |
C.you can see many germs in it |
A.making very big things look much smaller |
B.making very small things look much bigger |
C.helping you see things clearly |
A.Germs can sometimes go into your body. |
B.Germs are found only in water. |
C.You can see germs everywhere around you |
A.It mainly is about how to keep dirty water clean |
B.It mainly is about how to find germs in the dirty water. |
C.It mainly is about what can make you ill. |
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