There are long rivers, and there are famous rivers. The Nile is the world’s longest and most famous river. It runs 6,650 kilometers. Crocodiles and hippos live in its waters. Pyramids built by Egyptians rise along its banks.
The main branch of the Nile, the White Nile, starts just about Lake Victoria, the world’s second largest fresh-water lake, in east central Africa. Then it flows to the north. At Sudan’s capital, another great river called the Blue Nile joins the White Nile. Together, they form on every powerful river. Then it goes through Egypt’s famous Nile Valley before reaching the Mediterranean Sea.
Ancient Egypt, the first great African civilization, started along the banks of the Nile more than 5,000 years ago. Ancient Egypt ruled the Nile Valley for thousands of years. Great pyramids and temples were built on the banks and we can still visit them today.
Without the rich farmland along the banks of Nile, there might be no ancient Egyptian civilization. Every year, the Nile flooded its banks. The flood waters covered the banks with a rich soil. The Nile’s banks were easy to farm and produce crops.
The Nile also made a perfect highway for boats. The river runs north, but the wind on the river blows south. To go south, boaters put up sail to catch the wind. To go north, they took the sails down. Ancient people traded along the river for hundreds of miles.
The Nile—the longest and most famous river in the world | |
| Where does the Nile flow? | *The white Nile is the main branch of the Nile. It starts above Lake Victoria and then *The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at the *Then the Nile goes through the Nile Valley. Finally |
| The Nile’s long and rich banks. | *Ancient Egypt started along the banks of the Nile more than 5,000 years ago. Its people built pyramids and temples we can still visit today. *Every year the Nile flooded its banks. The floodwater covered the banks with a rich soil. Rich farmland *The Nile made a perfect highway for boats. To go south, boaters put up sails to catch the wind. To go north, they took the sails down. Ancient people |
Taiyuan Weather Station was set up 48 years ago. The workers here need to collect weather data (收集天气数据). Then they make a report about the weather. The weather in Taiyuan changes a lot, so it’s difficult for them to get the data. Sometimes they have to walk in the wind and snow.
Look at the chart to learn the weather data in Taiyuan in 2022.
Weather |
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Days | More than 155 days | More than 127 days | About 62 days | About 12 days | About 10 days |
Then why do the workers have to collect weather data?
★To help visitors
Weather data is very useful to visitors. They can know about the weather in Taiyuan before they get there.
★To help people with their lives
Before going out for work or school, people can know what to wear on that day with the help of weather data.
★ ▲
Many animals live in the mountains or on the farm. Bad weather can sometimes bring them danger. So weather data is useful for helping animals.
So weather data is really important to us. We should say thanks to the workers.
【小题1】Why is it difficult for the workers to get the data?【小题2】How many rainy and snowy days were there in Taiyuan in 2022?
【小题3】Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （请把划线何子翻译成中文。）
【小题4】What’s the subtitle (小标题) for ▲ ?
【小题5】Do you want to work in the weather station when you grow up? Why?
Climate (气候) change brings not only hot days and heavy rain but also more extreme (极端的) weather. The world’s food may be in greater danger. And more and more people will live with food crisis (危机).
In some countries in Europe (欧洲), warmer weather helps plants grow better. There is more carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), so the plants can grow faster. But if the Earth keeps getting warm, it will be too hot for those plants and they may die.
Climate change also causes disasters like droughts (干旱) and floods. Millions of people may lose their homes and not have enough to eat. According to the World Bank, people in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia are in the biggest danger.
A new report on the global food crisis came out in May, 2023. It shows that a larger number of people are facing food crisis and global warming makes it worse. According to the report, about 258 million people in 58 countries and regions (地区) faced big food problems in 2022. The report also says extreme weather caused around 56 million people to face hunger problems in 2022.
The warming Earth and the food crisis | |
| The warming Earth | Climate change brings hot and It also brings |
| Good and bad | In some countries in Europe, plants grow better because of the More carbon dioxide makes plants there grow more The plants may not stay |
| Other | Disasters including droughts and Millions of people may become |
| World’s hunger | A report says more people are facing food crisis. And one In 2022, about 258 million people faced big |
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