Cai Lun invented paper around 2000 years ago in China. It is 【小题1】 important invention. Before the invention of paper, people had to remember lots of information or write it on stones, wood, 【小题2】（leaf）and so on. Today everyone in the world uses paper. With paper, we can make books and print newspapers. 【小题3】（share）information is a lot easier 【小题4】 the help of paper. People use paper every day. Students do homework and keep a diary on paper. Paper is a great invention. Alan Turing was in London, England, in 1912. He 【小题5】（attend）Cambridge University from 1931 to 1934. Turing was a mathematician and a computer scientist. Many people called Turing the father of computer science. He created the 【小题6】（one）design for a modern computer. Turing wanted 【小题7】（know）if a machine could think for itself and trick someone into believing they were having a conversation with another person. This became 【小题8】（know）as the Turing test. In the test, a human talked to two other persons through a computer. One was a machine, and the other was a person. Still this idea 【小题9】（use）today.

Book crossing, a new way of reading, is 【小题1】（develop）with book lovers leaving 【小题2】（they）books in public places to be picked up and “borrowed” by others.

The Belarusian National Technical University was the first 【小题3】（support）the idea in the country. Several 【小题4】 （year）ago, the director of its library, Alexey Kalaban, 【小题5】（see）a large glass box of books which were free for anyone to read at a Swedish（瑞典的）airport. He was very 【小题6】（excite）about how great the idea was. So he wanted to bring it to his country. The question was only where such books might 【小题7】（keep）in public.

“We created a bookcase in the main building. It is available to everyone. People can be 【小题8】（easy）encouraged to read,” Kalaban explained. “Inside the case, there is a special list 【小题9】（show）who gave the book and when they gave it”. With the help of so many people, every year, more such “safe” places are found.

Nowadays, book crossing is being 【小题10】（well）known to the world than before. No doubt, it’s a great way to push more people to read and make the whole world a library.

In China, writing brushes,ink sticks,paper and ink stones are called the 【小题1】 (四) Treasures of Study.

The writing brushes are 【小题2】 (主要地) made of the hair of animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasel's (鼬) tail are called langhao. Their artistic effects cannot 【小题3】 (复制) by any other pens.

The ink stick is the pigment (颜料) used in writing and 【小题4】 (绘画). The ink stick produced in Huizhou is of high quality. In the Song Dynasty, its producing 【小题5】 (地区) was changed into Huizhou, and it was then called the Hui ink Stick.

Paper is one of 【小题6】 (重要的) writing materials, which is made of plant fibers. Papermaking was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and Cai Lun improved its making 【小题7】 (方法), which helped the development of Chinese paper industry 【小题8】 (在……期间) Song Dynasty. Papermaking technology was improved day by day, and more and more kinds of paper were developed 【小题9】 (提供) different using choices.

The ink stone was 【小题10】 (已经) very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of many famous ink stones. They can not only be used in writing but also for admiration.