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You might have seen beautiful rainbows in the sky before. They form when sunlight falls on water drops in the air. But in fact, moonlight can also create rainbows in the same way. They are called “moonbows”. They are similar to rainbows, but they are created by moonlight instead of direct sunlight.

Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical （天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.

The moon has to be very low in the sky-only 42 degrees from the horizon （地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly-any bright light can obscure it. Water drops must appear in the air in the opposite direction of the moon.

Moonbows appear on the opposite side of the moon and usually look white to the human eye. This is because their colors are not bright enough to be noticed by the human eye. It is possible, however, to view the colors in a moonbow using long exposure （长时间曝光）photography.

Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world. Most of these locations usually have waterfalls, which create thin fog in the air. Some of these locations are the Yosemite National Park in California and Cumberland Falls State Resort Park in Kentucky, US; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe; and Waimea in Hawaii, US.

Moonbows do really happen. So at a certain time and a certain place, when a moonbow happens to appear, you can’t miss it if you’re right there.

【小题1】According to the first two paragraphs, moonbows are ________.
A．created by sunlightB．much easier to find
C．seen during the dayD．more difficult to form
【小题2】Which of the following can be the conditions for a moonbow to form?
A．A half moon hangs high in the bright sky.
B．A full moon is 50 degrees from the horizon.
C．A nearly full moon hangs low in the dark sky.
D．Water drops are in the opposite direction of the sun.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．coverB．dropC．connectD．produce
【小题4】What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Conditions of moonbows.B．Background of moonbows.
C．Locations of moonbows.D．Development of moonbows.
2021·江苏连云港·中考真题
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Venus (金星) is close to Earth. 【小题1】   Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Venus is similar to Earth in size and mass (质量). It is often described as Earth’s “sister”.

Scientists have been learning about Venus for a long time. First, they looked at Venus through telescopes (望远镜). But Venus is covered with thick clouds. 【小题2】 So, they made guesses about it.

For a long time, scientists thought that Venus had water and plants. They thought Venus might have animals, too. 【小题3】

【小题4】 In the 1960s, they began sending probes (航天探测器) to Venus. The probes flew through the thick clouds. They took pictures of Venus up close. They found out many things, too. The probes sent the pictures and things they found out back to the scientists.

【小题5】 First, they learned that most of their guesses were not right. And they learned that Venus is very hot.

A．Then scientists found a way to learn more about Venus.
B．It is the second planet from the Sun.
C．The scientists learned a lot from the probes.
D．But they didn’t know for sure.
E．Scientists could not see Venus well through the clouds.
根据短文内容，判断正误（正确“T”，错误“F”），并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。

We live on the planet Earth. The earth is part of the solar (太阳的) system. The solar system is like the earth’s neighborhood. The word “solar” means “related to the sun”. The sun is at the center of the solar system. People used to think the sun moved around the earth. You can understand why. If you look into the sky, it sure looks like the sun moves!

But some early astronomers (天文学家) were against this idea. Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer in the 1500s. He was the first person to say that people were wrong. He believed the earth moved around the sun. In the 1600s, another astronomer named Galle o Galilei agreed. He built telescopes (望远镜) and observed the sky. He was sure that the earth moved around the sun. This caused quite a stir (骚乱)! Galileo was arrested (逮捕) .

It turns out that these early astronomers were right! The earth moves around the sun.

So do seven other major planets. These are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. That makes eight major planets.

【小题1】The earth is part of a neighborhood called the solar system.
【小题2】The sun is at the center of the solar system.
【小题3】Not all early astronomers agreed that the sun moved around the earth.
【小题4】Nicolaus Copernicus was the first person to build telescopes and observed the sky.
【小题5】The passage is mainly about seven major planets in our solar system.

We look at the sun every day. 【小题1】

On September 2nd, 2021, China’s Fengyun-3E satellite took its first photos of the sun. 【小题2】 The pictures taken are very clear. The satellite was sent into space on July 5th. And by the end of 2021, China released an album of photos taken by the satellite.

One of the satellite’s sides faces the sun all the time. 【小题3】 Why is watching the sun so important?

Clear pictures of the sun can help scientists study it more deeply. For example, scientists can better study solar storms (风暴). These may affect (影响) weather on Earth. 【小题4】 An astronaut would be in great danger if he or she was on the moon during the storm. 【小题5】


根据短文，从A~E中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A．It used China’s first solar space telescope (望远镜) to do the job.
B．By watching the sun closely, we can take actions to protect ourselves.
C．Big solar storms may also make our phones stop working.
D．But do you know what the sun really looks like?
E．It can watch the sun’s activity without stopping.

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