①When China was still poor and far behind the West, two Chinese scientists insisted on leading the world through homegrown innovation. They are jet fighter (战斗机) designer Gu Songfen and nuclear energy scientist Wang Dazhong, who won China’s top science award—the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award on Nov 3.

②In the 1950s, China had no aviation (航空) experience, equipment or wind tunnels. As the head of the aerodynamics (空气动力学的) team in Shenyang, Gu’s first task was to develop the country’s first homegrown jet aircraft. Despite difficulties, he managed to complete JJ-1, the first jet aircraft designed in China.

③Gu, 91, started the aerodynamic design of aircraft, which advanced the development of a number of major jet fighters, including the Nanchang CJ-6, a basic training plane, and the Shenyang J-8, a high-speed, high-altitude single-seat interceptor.

④Those aircraft not only greatly improved China’s air defense capabilities but also laid the foundation of its aviation industry.

⑤Wang Dazhong, 86, has spent 60 years working to develop nuclear energy. After nuclear accidents in Three Mile Island in the US in 1979, and Chernobyl in the Soviet Union in 1986, scientists all over the world have worked hard to ensure that reactors (反应堆) are made “inherently safe”. It means they do not depend on measures powered by outside resources to remain stable.

⑥An academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang led the research, design and operation of China’s first 5-megawatt low temperature nuclear heating reactor and later of its 10-megawatt high temperature gas-cooled reactor. He used key technologies related to helium coolant (氦冷却剂). Both reactors improved the inherent safety of nuclear energy, as well as the application of clean energy. Wang’s scientific achievements have paved the way for clean energy as China works to achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和), said He Jiankun, an expert in Tsinghua University. Nuclear power releases zero carbon and can ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid (电网), he said.

⑦Both Gu Songfen and Wang Dazhong made great contribution to the homegrown innovation for China, which is worth being respected by people around the world especially by our Chinese.

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The world's longest sea bridge has been opened,connecting Hong Kong and Macau to the mainlan Chinese city of Zhuhai.

President Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony( 开幕式 ）in the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong Province. More than 800 people also attended the ceremony including government officials and workers,engineers and designers who built the bridge.The bridge has started serving travelers, opening 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Xi said, the bridge would be helpful and important for Hong Kong and Macau to join in the whole country's development.

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge(HZMB)measures 55km and took nine years to complete with 120 billion yuan. It cuts the travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to 30 minutes.It’s a symbol of the mainlan’s close ties with Hong Kong and Macau. Most people think that the bridge shows China's growing science and technology. As Chinese people, we feel proud of it.

Chocolate is a kind of food made from the seeds of cacao trees (可可树籽). It is usually used in puddings, cakes, candies and ice creams and so on.

About 2,000 years ago, early Central Americans and Mexicans found the seeds of cacao trees were useful. They used them to make a bitter (苦的) drink. Only the important people could drink it. Later on, people made it sweeter and changed it into a treat that is known as hot chocolate. Some Spanish explorers (探险家) brought it from North America to Spain. Now many people enjoy it. Most cacao today is made in Africa.

Chocolate is often sweet because chocolate makers usually put a lot of sugar and milk in it. This means that it can be bad for your teeth and health. In fact, it is safe to eat chocolate if you don’t eat too much. However, some animals, like dogs, become ill if they eat chocolate.

There are usually three kinds of chocolate: white chocolate, milk chocolate and dark chocolate. White chocolate is much sweeter than the other two kinds. Milk chocolate is sweet, but not as sweet as white chocolate. Milk chocolate has some cacao. Dark chocolate has most cacao and the strongest chocolate flavor (风味).

However, it is said that there will be no chocolate in 2050 because the weather is becoming warmer and warmer. It makes some scientists work hard to save (救) the cacao plants.

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