Long ago, as people got older, there was something wrong with their teeth and it would be very painful.
Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important, but they didn't have toothpaste(牙膏) at that time.
About 100 years ago someone finally created a kind of cream to clean teeth. Not long after that, the toothpaste tube (管子) was invented, so people could press the toothpaste right onto the toothbrush!
Today there are plenty of toothpaste choices; lots of colors and tastes to choose from, and some kinds of toothpaste are made just for children. When you're choosing a kind of toothpaste, make sure it has fluoride (氟化物).
| A．They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth. |
| B．Tooth brushing became popular during the World War I. |
| C．Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy. |
| D．Today they're made of soft plastic and are much easier to use! |
| E．To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out. |
We use teeth to eat and we need teeth to talk. But do you really know them? Let’s meet the “cool tools” in your mouth and learn how to protect them.
A tooth with a hole is a decayed tooth(蛀牙).
In America, there is a lovely story for children. It is said that there are fairies (精灵）for everyone’s baby teeth.
| A．They have to make room for your second set of teeth—adult teeth |
| B．Your teeth are not ready to work when you are born |
| C．If you don’t clean your teeth regularly |
| D．Most kids have their first set of teeth at 3 years old |
| E．Each time a child’s baby tooth falls out |
| F．He saw a fairy singing. |
During an experiment on 1,000 people, scientists assessed (评定) their personalities in two ways: by asking someone they knew, such as a family member or friend; then by asking someone they had just met, such as a nurse. The study found that those who were careful at age 26 were in better health after 12 years.
Being careful means that people tend to have a lot of self-control, and are less likely to smoke, the scientists said. Careful people are also more likely to have an active lifestyle and healthy diet.
From those who were least careful, 45 percent developed health problems by the age of 38. Such health issues included gum disease and high blood pressure (高血压). To compare, only 18 percent of careful people went on to develop health problems.
Another positive personality was called “openness to experience”, meaning curious and imaginative. People who have more of this personality have higher IQ scores. So they’d be more likely to know how to find medical help to prevent disease.
According to the report, if doctors assessed our personalities, it could help doctors to find which young adults need advice on how to live a healthy lifestyle. What’s surprising is that stress didn’t play a big part on a person’s health. Even though stress and anxiety (焦虑) are usually linked to bad health.
But can a doctor who knows our personality really improve our health? Or should doctors be kept away from knowing something so personal?
【小题1】Which personality type may be better for our health, according to the research?
| A．self-controlled. | B．Stressed. |
| C．Shy. | D．Careless. |
| A．are too shy to talk to strangers |
| B．love to ask the doctor for advice |
| C．are likely to have a healthy lifestyle |
| D．may have high blood pressure when they’re older |
| A．Newspaper. | B．Science fiction book. |
| C．Research paper. | D．Travel guide. |
| A．People can change their personality type. |
| B．Scientists have found two different personality types. |
| C．Personalities have something to do with our lifestyle. |
| D．Personalities say something about our health. |
People need more health care, especially in developing countries. Look at the following table made by World Health Organization (WHO).
| Total population | Share(份额)of the health care | |
| Developed Countries | 20% | 90% |
| Developing countries | 80% | 10 |
The table shows that developed countries have 20 per cent of the world's population but take 90 per cent of the health care. For example, a Japanese spends five hundred dollars on health care every year. However, a person in a poor country spends only three dollars a year!
There is another health problem in developing countries. Fifty years ago, people lived a life of about forty-six years on average(平均).Now most people in the world live twenty years longer than before. People in the poorest countries, however, live a much shorter life than people in developed countries. There are thousands of patients in poor countries; most of them are children. In 2002, almost 57,000,000 people died of different kinds of diseases. And nearly 20 per cent were children under five.
It's time for us to do something to help these children!
【小题1】 makes the table(表格)in the passage.
| A．WTO | B．WHO | C．The UN | D．ORBIS |
| A．Japan | B．Canada | C．England | D．India |
| A．$250. | B．$390. | C．$300. | D．$500. |
| A．46 years. | B．50 years. | C．57 years. | D．66 years. |
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