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How much do you know about Earth—the planet that we live on? Our knowledge of Earth has been developing since ancient times. However, many puzzles (谜) about Earth remain unsolved. Live Science has published a list of the eight biggest mysteries about Earth. Let’s look at some of them.

Where did water come from?

When it first came into being 4.5 billion years ago, Earth was a dry rock. So where did all of our water come from? Scientists think that it might have arrived in the form of ice by an asteroid (小行星) from outer space that hit our planet. But this idea has not been confirmed (证明) because there is very little related evidence(相关证据) to be studied.

What’s in the core (地核)?

Scientists used to study meteorites (陨石) as small examples of Earth, believing that Earth’s core was made of iron and nickel (镍). However, a later study in the 1950s proved this way to be wrong because it found that Earth would be too light to provide gravity (引力) if its core contained only iron and nickel. Today, scientists continue to bring forward different ideas, but none have been confirmed.

How was the moon born?

Scientists have found that the chemical compositions (成分) of Earth and the Moon are very similar. That suggests that the Moon actually came from Earth. For example, it could be a piece of Earth that separated when Earth hit another planet. It is also possible that when Earth first came into being, it spun (旋转) very fast and threw off enough molten (熔化的) rock to later form the Moon.

【小题1】What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.How Earth came into being.
B.Where Earth’s water came from?
C.How the moon was formed?
D.Unexplained mysteries about Earth.
【小题2】What do we know about where water may come from?
A.Earth’s water may come from ice that melted 4.5 billion years ago.
B.Earth’s water may come from a small planet that hit Earth.
C.We don’t know where water came from.
D.There is lots of evidence that tells us where water came from.
【小题3】What does the underlined phrase “bring forward” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.CheckB.Raise
C.ImproveD.Receive
【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Scientists used to believe Earth’s core was made of meteorites.
B.A study in the 1950s proved that Earth’s core is made of iron and nickel.
C.The moon and Earth are made of similar materials.
D.Three possibilities of where the Moon came from are mentioned.
2020·重庆南岸·模拟预测
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Our reporter asked people what they were doing on July 20th, 1969 when man first walked on the moon. Here is what they said:

Kate Jones, waitress I remember that day very well. I was fifteen years old. It was a hot and humid day, and I was with my family in the mountains. We were having a picnic. We didn’t see the moon landing when it happened, but we were thinking about it. We saw it later on the TV news.

John Bates, postman I was eighteen years old. It was a very exciting day. I was watching TV at home when the astronaut walked on the moon. His name was Neil Armstrong. I remember he could jump really high because people aren’t so heavy on the moon. When he returned, he became a national hero in America, and famous all over the world.

Paul Robinson, doctor I was twelve. I remember the day, but I don’t remember what I was doing. I remember I wanted to go to the moon, too. My dream was to become an astronaut and fly in a rocket. I wanted to see the earth from the moon. The astronauts on the moon said that the earth looked very beautiful from there.

Linda Brown, clerk I was working that day. I was twenty then. I didn’t see the man land on the moon because I was busy. Of course I knew about it. I read about it in the newspaper the next day. I thought it was amazing. Maybe one day people will travel to the moon for vacations!

Mark Green, teacher I was only seven years old then. My parents talked about it, and I learned about it later in school, but I don’t remember the day. I was too young to remember. Maybe I was having fun in the playground with my friends when it happened.

根据短文内容,判断正误(A/B)。
【小题1】Man first walked on the moon on July 20th, 1969.
【小题2】The waitress Kate Jones was having a picnic with her friends in the park when man first walked on the moon.
【小题3】The postman John remembers that he was watching TV at home, but the doctor Paul doesn’t remember what he was doing when Neil Armstrong landed on the moon.
【小题4】The clerk Linda saw the man land on the moon while she was working that day.
【小题5】Mark, the teacher, can remember clearly that he was having fun in the playground with his friends when it happened.

China’s Shenzhou-13 crew members Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed the first science lecture from the country’s space station on Thursday, December 9th, 2021, which amazed many students on the earth.

All crew members greeted students, teachers and other participants when the lecture started. They showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station, which currently consists of a core module(核心舱), a spacecraft and two robotic cargo(货物) spaceships.

The astronauts displayed their exercise equipment and a specially designed space suit, and conducted demonstrations(演示) on physical phenomena(现象) in microgravity, such as “disappearing buoyancy(浮力)” and a “water ball”. Ye, who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he rotated his body in the weightless environment. The astronauts also answered questions from students during the lecture.

Tens of millions of primary and middle school students across China watched the televised event hosted by the China Manned Space Agency, the Ministry of Education and other government departments.

It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China’s first extraterrestrial(外星的) lecture series to popularize space science.

More lectures will be held based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will also be presented by Chinese astronauts, the manned space agency said. Such activities are intended to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm for science among young people.

Shi Yi, deputy head of teaching and a physics teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, said the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would ignite students’ interest in science.

Wang Yihan, a fifth-grade student, said, “The astronauts’ experiments really interested and surprised me. I have great interest in spaceflight and would like to take part in our country’s space exploration program in the future.” Vincent Wong Wai-shing, deputy principal of Hong Kong’s Pui Kiu College, said after watching the lecture that the event gave Hong Kong students an opportunity to communicate with the astronauts while stimulating their interest in space and science. “It also helped to enhance(增强)their sense of national identity as they saw the rapid development of our country’s space technology,” he said.

【小题1】What is the space station made up of at present?
A.A core module, a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.
B.A core module, a water ball, and two robotic cargo spaceships.
C.A core module, a spacecraft and a specially designed space suit.
D.A exercise equipment, a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “microgravity” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A.微软B.微循环C.微生物D.微重力
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE about the purpose of holding more lectures on China’s manned spaceflight?
① It will spread knowledge about manned spaceflights.
② It will amaze students on the earth.
③ It will ignite students’ interest in science.
④ It will spark enthusiasm for science among young people.
A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④
【小题4】What can we learn from the passage?
A.The space lecture damped students’ interest in science and astronauts.
B.Hong Kong students would like to take part in space exploration program in the future.
C.The event gave Vincent Wong Wai-shing an opportunity to communicate with the astronauts.
D.The event is one of China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series.

“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” is a popular song for children. But have you ever wondered why the stars twinkle? I’m afraid many adults don’t understand this question, let’s unlock the mystery of the stars!

When we look up to the sky on a clear, dark night, our eyes can see about 6,000 stars in the sky. Some stars look like they are always twinkling and winkling. They are very beautiful. In fact, most of the stars are shining with a steady (稳定的) light. Not all stars twinkle. The stars that twinkle are generally stars. In addition to the Sun, the nearest star to the Earth, the neighboring star (比邻星), is also more than 4 light years away from Earth. Because the distance is too far, the stars we see are only a small point. Also, from the distant star travels a long way through the atmosphere (大气) down to us on Earth. At the same time, air is moving in the atmosphere of Earth. The movement of air causes the starlight to get slightly bent. To our eyes, this makes the star to twinkle. You will notice that stars closer to the horizon appear to twinkle more than other stars. This is because there is more atmosphere between you and a star near the horizon. However, there is no atmosphere in space to make the stars seem to twinkle. That’s why the Hubble telescope (哈勃望远镜), which is in space, can take such clear pictures of other galaxies (星系).

Go out tonight and take a look at the stars twinkling in the sky!

【小题1】On a clear, dark night, our eyes can see _________ stars in the sky.
A.less than 6,000B.around 6,000C.more than 6,000D.Not mentioned in the article
【小题2】According to the article, most stars are shining with a light __________.
A.brightB.colourfulC.fixedD.flashing
【小题3】What makes stars seem to twinkle?
A.The movement of air in the atmosphere of Earth.
B.Air on Earth.
C.The long distance between stars and Earth.
D.The movement of stars.
【小题4】Why can the Hubble telescope take clear pictures of other galaxies?
A.Because stars twinkle in space.B.Because air is not moving in space.
C.Because the telescope is close to stars.D.Because there is no atmosphere in space.
【小题5】Which is the best title of this passage?
A.Why are many stars so dim at night?B.Which song do children like best?
C.How to observe the stars from Earth?D.What do stars look like?

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