填空题 适中0.65 引用1 组卷132
表示有机物组成的方式有多种,根据下列有机物的组成,回答有关问题。
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨C17H35COOH ⑩CH3CHO
(1)属于同分异构体的是___________ ,属于同系物的是___________ 。(填序号)
(2)以下实验:
A.乙酸乙酯的水解;
B.浓硫酸与乙醇反应制乙烯;
C.乙醛还原新制的氢氧化铜;
D.乙酸乙酯的制取;
E.葡萄糖的银镜反应;
F.硝基苯的制取。需用温度计的是___________ (用字母A-F完成填空)。
(3)写出⑩物质所能发生一个化学反应的化学方程式___________ ,在有机物分子中碳原子所连的4个原子或原子团均不相同时,该碳原子叫手性碳原子,试用*标出如图所示有机物中的手性碳原子:___________
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/e924ce11e3cd4048ad75275878e87b70.png?resizew=80)
(4)某有机物
结构简式如图,等物质的量的该物质消耗Na、NaOH、NaHCO3的物质的量之比为___________ 。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/419e4654ab084d7e9ef879adf12b5c1a.png?resizew=167)
①
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/85188a926b6642af9040b13945dfd242.png?resizew=68)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/4924ceeb89fe4f25a1d238b1c1898280.png?resizew=163)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/a755601548e4406eb2e4650ae24fdc36.png?resizew=70)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/c6a7ec6f8eba409e8811e702cca05bac.png?resizew=161)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/a2b996ef8ab54cf9be98eb5adb0d3332.png?resizew=117)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/f5eb9443cb8f439fbf0ce20847d4f583.png?resizew=117)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/10ddd63e1e174ad6ba5b5798b26f57cf.png?resizew=109)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/2eca09293483493c8419677ef2798ded.png?resizew=164)
(1)属于同分异构体的是
(2)以下实验:
A.乙酸乙酯的水解;
B.浓硫酸与乙醇反应制乙烯;
C.乙醛还原新制的氢氧化铜;
D.乙酸乙酯的制取;
E.葡萄糖的银镜反应;
F.硝基苯的制取。需用温度计的是
(3)写出⑩物质所能发生一个化学反应的化学方程式
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/e924ce11e3cd4048ad75275878e87b70.png?resizew=80)
(4)某有机物
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/fb27aa29f3904e7ab3a8a3429ae073b6.png?resizew=14)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/5/5/3230980631887872/3231020348145664/STEM/419e4654ab084d7e9ef879adf12b5c1a.png?resizew=167)
22-23高二下·安徽芜湖·期中
类题推荐
学习有机化学,掌握有机物的组成、结构、命名和官能团性质是重中之重。
(1)
的分子式为______ ,所含官能团的名称为______ 。
(2)用
表示乙醇的分子结构,该模型表示乙醇分子的________ (填“球棍模型”、“比例模型”或“键线式”);
(3)请根据官能团的不同对下列有机物进行分类,把正确答案序号填写在相应横线上。
①CH3CH2OH ②
③CH3CH2Br ④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
⑩![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/8709fdc47e9847e189b4635be65ca41c.png?resizew=81)
芳香烃:_______ ;醇:_____ ;羧酸:__________ ; 酯:__________ 。
(4)当有机化合物分子中碳原子连有四个不同基团时称为手性碳原子,如A中星号“*”碳原子就是手性碳原子。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/dade1b99e290400f9b1ff89d91ab275d.png?resizew=121)
若使A失去手性,下列方法可行的是 。
(1)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/34c3065a1e1d44cd8dc731ac18f88bf1.png?resizew=109)
(2)用
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/8f6f2b8f31c9486ca835649aef65adec.png?resizew=131)
(3)请根据官能团的不同对下列有机物进行分类,把正确答案序号填写在相应横线上。
①CH3CH2OH ②
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/a4f9912b9f0c4c0f9775985dd09ef0ce.png?resizew=66)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/0bba432af6f24fda9d0794ee4ef83c09.png?resizew=95)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/b4c18d29b11c40989055634bcc0b7e71.png?resizew=73)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/d3c9e9ca516346bf9c6560bc522e7789.png?resizew=56)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/d26aabfb8cc24584b2a316d037504be3.png?resizew=64)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/732cb4b37c3b40b0819af07f9cb09dbb.png?resizew=72)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/1cbdac481f1c4245a26dfedeae5bce5f.png?resizew=65)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/8709fdc47e9847e189b4635be65ca41c.png?resizew=81)
芳香烃:
(4)当有机化合物分子中碳原子连有四个不同基团时称为手性碳原子,如A中星号“*”碳原子就是手性碳原子。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/21/2899229988585472/3128654102437888/STEM/dade1b99e290400f9b1ff89d91ab275d.png?resizew=121)
若使A失去手性,下列方法可行的是 。
A.一定条件下和乙醇发生酯化反应 |
B.一定条件下和乙酸发生酯化反应 |
C.一定条件下发生催化氧化反应 |
D.一定条件下发生消去反应 |
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