In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 【小题1】 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 【小题2】 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,【小题3】 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over【小题4】 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 【小题5】 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been【小题6】 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 【小题7】every day.

Later, engineers 【小题8】 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 【小题9】 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 【小题10】 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

What will cars be like in the future? Maybe we can sit in a car that can drive all by 【小题1】 （it） in a few years’ time. In fact, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, the self-driving car is becoming a 【小题2】（real） on busy streets.

According to a report by Google, the world-famous search engine, its self-driving cars 【小题3】（travel） more than 700,000 miles on roads in California so far. The first self-driving car 【小题4】（make） by Google came out in 2009. There are cameras on the top of the car, 【小题5】 allow the computer in the car to draw a 3-D map of the surroundings. In addition, Google says that its self-driving cars can discover hundreds of separate 【小题6】（object）at the same time, which might be an improvement on the human driver experience. As 【小题7】 result, there will be far 【小题8】（few） traffic accidents caused by careless driving.

However, self-driving cars are much too 【小题9】（expense） right now. Scientists across the world are doing their best to bring down the costs, 【小题10】 hundreds of thousands of dollars to the cost that most people can afford.

Looking around the streets of London, you'll see many people on different means of transport, 【小题1】 it's on a commute to work, a trip to the shops, or a sightseeing.

Scooter, this traditional children vehicle 【小题2】(become) more sophisticated over the past years. And now, 【小题3】 the addition of a small electric motor, it's become a cheap and easy mode of transport.Being fun and not involving much effort, scooting is getting 【小题4】 (increase) popular around the world.

However, safety problems arise.【小题5】 scooter riders have been seen on pavements； others on the road jumping red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists 【小题6】 (stick) in jams. In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement 【小题7】 (forbid). Now, riders, facing a £ 300 fixed-penalty notice and six points on their driving licence for doing so, are calling on 【小题8】（regulate）to be changed.

Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30mph, they only have one brake and no lights.【小题9】 confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them easily hurt.So it seems more work requires 【小题10】 (do) to give e-scooters a safe and legal space to travel.