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I used to think the whole purpose of life was pursuing happiness. Everyone said the path to happiness was success, so I searched for that ideal job, that perfect boyfriend, that beautiful apartment. But instead of ever feeling fulfilled, I felt anxious and lost. Eventually, I decided to go to graduate school for positive psychology to learn what truly makes people happy.

And what’s the difference between being happy and having meaning in life? Many psychologists describe happiness as a state of comfort and ease, feeling good in the moment. Meaning, though, is deeper. The famous psychologist Martin Seligman says meaning comes from belonging to and serving something beyond yourself and from developing the best within you. Our culture is obsessed (痴迷于) with happiness, but I came to see that seeking meaning is the more fulfilling path.

There are four pillars (支柱) of a meaningful life.

The first pillar is belonging. Belonging comes from being in relationships where you’re valued for who you are and where you value others as well. For many people belonging is the most essential source of meaning.

For others, the key to meaning is the second pillar: purpose. Finding your purpose is not the same thing as finding that job that makes you happy. A doctor told me her purpose is healing sick people. Many parents tell me, “My purpose is raising my children.” The key to purpose is using your strengths to serve others. Without something worthwhile to do, people flounder (不知所措).

The third pillar of meaning is also about stepping beyond yourself, but in a completely different way: transcendence (超然). Transcendent experiences can change you, Transcendent states are those rare moments when you’re lifted above the hustle and bustle of daily life, your sense of self fades away, and you feel connected to a higher reality. For me, I’m a writer, and it happens through writing. Sometimes I get so in the zone that I lose all sense of time and place.

The fourth pillar is storytelling, the story you tell yourself about yourself. Creating a narrative from the events of your life brings clarity. It helps you understand how you became you. But we don’t always realize that we’re the authors of our stories and can change the way we’re telling them. Your life isn’t just a list of events. You can edit, interpret and retell your story, even as you’re constrained by the facts.

That’s the power of meaning. Happiness comes and goes. But when life is really good and when things are really bad, having meaning gives you something to hold on to.

【小题1】What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A.Life can be fulfilled by landing ideal jobs.
B.Life dilemma is easy for us to get out of.
C.Meaning is highly valued in our culture.
D.Happiness is what most people try to achieve.
【小题2】From the four pillars of a meaningful life, we can know that ________.
A.nothing is as essential a source of meaning as belonging
B.purpose is less about what you want than what you give
C.transcendent fades easily and rarely makes us cheerful
D.the way of telling stories guarantees a meaningful life
【小题3】The passage aims to tell us that ________.
A.meaning is more important than happiness
B.seeking meaning does more good than bad
C.chasing happiness can make people unhappy
D.meaning has deeper psychological significance
2019高三·浙江·专题练习
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Nature is full of inspiration, and as such, it can easily serve as a reflection for writers. In nature, we might find metaphors for our own human experiences that we never considered before.

For example, in literature, rivers are often regarded as symbols of life and the passage of time. 【小题1】 Of course, its meeting with the ocean represents the end of life.

Over the last century, nature writing has also become a means of support for the environment by calling attention to environmental issues and trying to inspire a greater interest in nature. 【小题2】 You can use these tips to practice nature writing:

【小题3】 The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you always have a notebook and pen at hand to write down your ideas and observations, no matter where you are. Don’t assume that you can just write everything down when you get home.

Observe. When you’re spending time in nature, don’t worry about brainstorming the most poetic way to describe the falling leaves; you can always improve your writing later. 【小题4】 Let your thoughts flow freely onto the paper.

Make connections. Yes, nature writing means a lot of writing about nature, but that doesn’t mean your topics of discussion are limited to the sound of the wind and birds singing. If you find that certain memories or thoughts come up while you’re spending time in nature, write those down too. 【小题5】

A.Always explore nature writing.
B.Always keep a notebook at hand.
C.This can help you practice building connections.
D.The source of rivers represents the beginnings of life.
E.For now, just focus on recording your own feelings and observations.
F.Nature writing has grown in popularity as a literary form in recent years.
G.Many of our favorite stories describe impressive adventures in the great outdoors.

A series of massive thunder storms hit our area recently, causing flash flooding and knocking down tree branches and even trees. I had spent the afternoon picking up branches out of my yard and throwing them away. Then just before I was getting ready to take my dogs for their last walk of the day, the warnings came on my television and over my phone that another of these storms was heading our way.

I quickly took my dogs outside. Huge clouds were rolling in while thunder boomed over the hills. I knew that the stars were shining but I certainly couldn’t see them. The darkness seemed darker and scarier than usual because I knew what was on the way. That was when I saw it. The tiniest blink of light, up high, at the far end of the grassland behind my house. I smiled. The first of the fireflies had appeared for the summer at just the time I needed to see his light. Soon a few others were blinking their lights as well. It amazed me how far their light traveled in the darkness of the night and how they didn’t seem bothered at all by the approaching storm. I spent an extra few minutes watching my lightening bug friends and taking in their message of light before heading in to get ready for the storm. As I did, though, I noticed that the darkness no longer seemed so scary and that my fear had been replaced with joy.

Life does have its share of storms, some caused by nature and some caused by us. We can’t go through life being scared of them, however. Take a lesson from the fireflies then. Let your light shine. It may seem tiny but you will be amazed at how far it can be seen and how easily it can drive the dark away.

【小题1】What happened when the author was about to walk the dog?
A.His house was heavily damaged.B.He was encouraged to pick up the branches.
C.He was broadcasting a bad weather warning.D.Another big storm was broadcasted to be on its way.
【小题2】Which of the following can best describe the huge clouds?
A.Normal.B.Frightening.C.Pale.D.High.
【小题3】Why did the author smile when he saw the tiniest blink of light?
A.There would be no storm at all.B.He could then walk his dog easier.
C.He found great hope from the dark.D.He wasn’t afraid of being lost then.
【小题4】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.We should always give off light when in trouble.B.Small light in life won’t help much in our life.
C.Some great troubles won’t be easily dealt with.D.We should avoid being disturbed by trouble.

Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with a sibling (兄弟,姊妹) over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end? Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint?

In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. After all, everyone has different opinions. We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world. Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.

How can you understand both sides of an issue? Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue.

When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop biases (偏见) from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue.

Maybe you’re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of an issue, anyway. After all, don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right? Often, that’s true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together.

Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “so” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A.Ignoring chances to learn.
B.Knowing more about themselves.
C.Shaping a right way to see the world.
D.Making the disagreements a chance to learn.
【小题2】According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement?
A.By changing the other’s opinion.
B.By making both sides comfortable.
C.By trying to stand in the other’s shoes.
D.By telling facts and opinions apart.
【小题3】How does the author support his view?
A.By reasoning.B.By making comparison.
C.By debating.D.By giving examples.
【小题4】What’s the author’s attitude to people’s arguments?
A.Indifferent.B.Pessimistic.C.Positive.D.Skeptical.

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