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Microsoft PowerPoint is the world’s most common presentation tool. It emerged from software company Forethought Inc in the 1980s. Bob Gaskins was the man behind it.

“I knew in the early 80s that there were as many as a billion, a thousand million presentation slides being made per year just in America,” Gaskins says, “but they were all made by hand and almost nobody was using computers to do them.”

“It was clear to me that here was a huge application worth billions and billions of dollars a year that could be done on computers as soon as there was a revolution in the kinds of computers that we had.”

Gaskins was onto something, but it was a hard sell at the time. The software wouldn’t run on any existing personal computers. Anyone wanting to use it had to buy a new machine. Even so, people bought personal computers for the first time in order to be able to use PowerPoint, says Wired magazine journalist Russell Davies.

Davies explains that before PowerPoint, people used slides to convey information to groups—but anyone creating a presentation had to send away to get their materials made. It took a long time to do, was difficult to make changes and because it was so expensive, only the most senior people in an organisation got to do it.

“PowerPoint.” Davies says, “made it possible for everyone in an organisation to stand up and say their piece.”

PowerPoint has helped turn us all into presenters, but it’s also been accused of over-simplifying ideas and distracting us from clear thinking.

Sarah Kaplan is a management professor at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management. She has noticed that, rather than people asking for new analysis or insights in meetings, they were asking for more PowerPoint slides.

Kaplan says that some CEOS, such as Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, have banned its use. “He felt, and I think many people feel, that PowerPoint became such an object of the process that they lost the ideas inside of it and that is the risk.”

【小题1】What drove Bob Gaskins to develop PowerPoint?
A.His personal needs at the office.
B.The support from Forethought Inc.
C.The great potential market demand.
D.His interest in science and technology.
【小题2】What was the problem with Bob Gaskin’s PowerPoint in the 1980s?
A.It was very expensive.
B.It was very difficult to use.
C.It couldn’t be used on old computers.
D.It couldn’t satisfy young people’s needs.
【小题3】Why does Jeff Bezos ban the use of PowerPoint?
A.It falls to solve practical problems.
B.It fails to convey messages effectively.
C.It makes something valuable unavailable.
D.It results in creative thinking getting ignored.
2019高二·浙江·专题练习
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【小题1】What is included in FluentU?
A.Lots of videos.B.Many language tutors.
C.Varieties of educational websites.D.Much advice on grammar learning.
【小题2】Who is most likely to be learning Chinese now?
A.Estelle Jaouen.B.Maria van Eeden.C.Eduard Marius.D.Jan Rehmer.
【小题3】What is this text?
A.An English brochure.B.A language textbook.
C.An interview about AI.D.An introduction to an App.

On some Swedish trains, passengers carry their e-tickets in their hands---literally. About 3, 000 Swedes have chosen to insert grain-of-rice-sized microchips beneath the skin between their thumbs and index fingers (食指). The chips, which cost around $150, can hold personal details, credit card numbers and medical records.

They rely on Radio Frequency ID (RFID), a technology already used in payment cards, tickets and passports. By one estimate there are 10, 000 people with chip implants (移植物) around the world. Sweden, home to several microchip companies, has the largest share.

Fifty employees of Three Square Market, a Wisconsin-based firm, volunteered to receive chip implants that can be used to pay at vending machines (自动售货机) and log in to computers. Individuals can order do-it-yourself kits, which come with tools to insert the device, or attend “implant parties”, where a professional gives chips to a group. Sometimes they get T-shirts that say “I got chipped”.

Jowan Osterlund, the founder of Biohax, a Swedish firm, claims chips are more secure than mobile phones. But there are still some concerns. RFID chips do not have GPS, but they leave a digital footprint when they interact with doors or printers. In 2004 a Mexican senior official and his staff had chips inserted in their arms that tracked who had accessed sensitive information.

So why take the risk? Convenience is one draw. Chip implants can be used wherever contactless IDs or payments are accepted. Sweden is well suited, as one of the world’s most cashless countries.

But the chips have little use unless companies play along. Few shops recognise chip implants yet. Even those organisations that do have had teething troubles. When Swedish rail officials began scanning (扫描) passengers’ microchips, they saw LinkedIn profiles rather than evidence of ticket purchases. For now the chips are used largely as digital business cards, keys or to store emergency documents such as wills.

So exhibitionism is another explanation. Chip enthusiasts include those who believe technology can perfect human bodies. Elon Musk, a successful business leader, has invested in tech that combines machines with human brains.

【小题1】What do we know about some Swedes’ chip implants?
A.They are very expensive.B.They are easy to be inserted.
C.They can be added to T-shirts.D.They can be used in any local shop.
【小题2】What does the example of a Mexican official and his staff tell us?
A.Chips are more secure than mobile phones.
B.People using chip implants risk being tracked.
C.Chip implants can interact with printers easily.
D.Biohax has a great influence on Mexican markets.
【小题3】What is the sixth paragraph mainly about?
A.The limitations of chips.B.The wide applications of chips.
C.The efforts of different companies.D.The procedure for boarding a train.
【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.How Sweden becomes a cashless country.
B.How Radio Frequency ID is applied in Sweden.
C.Why Sweden is home to big microchip companies.
D.Why Swedes are inserting microchips into their bodies.

The two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered as a milestone for the company – and the entertainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his company’s latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming (在线播放), news games and even a credit card.     

Apple’s 900 million iPhones worldwide grant it access to a massive potential audience. Analysts speculate that Apple will eventually offer them something similar to Amazon Prime, where customers pay a fixed monthly fee for some combination of news, games, cloud storage, music and video, and which could possibly connect with the company’s iPhone subscriptions (订阅).

Apple TV+, which got prioritized by Mr. Cook, will offer original programming in more than 100 countries. The money Apple plans to spend on original shows – perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far – is dwarfed by that of Netflix, which will spend as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content, or Disney, whose own video-streaming is expected shortly. But Apple’s high-profile shows are for now meant chiefly to draw customers to its universe of apps and services. That includes subscription services for games, a long list of big American magazines and a few newspapers. You can pay for it all using your new Apple Card, developed with bankers at Goldman Sachs (高盛,著名投资银行). The credit card puts Apple in direct competition with banks: it has no fees and will give users 2% cash back on purchases made via Apple Pay, the company’s payments system – or 3% on purchases of Apple kit and service.

Although Apple continues to earn most of its money from devices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors (先前版本), should accelerate that trend. Its new partners hope to be along for the ride. Analysts at Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its services.

Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apple’s advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take part in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.

【小题1】The underlined word dwarfed in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A.made to appear insignificantB.reduced to a great extent
C.limited to a fixed scaleD.grown to its full potential
【小题2】What is most likely to be further discussed if the article continues?
A.What action Apple might take to attract potential subscribers.
B.Who might gain huge benefits from Apple’s new service.
C.How Goldman Sachs won the support from Mr. Tim Cook.
D.Why some companies are alert to Apple’s strategy changes.
【小题3】What is the best title for this article?
A.Tech Giant Apple Stages New MovesB.A Great Challenge to the Entertainment Industry
C.The Entertainment Industry Calls for CooperationD.A New Bottleneck for Tech Giant Apple

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