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An 8-year-old Nigerian, Tani Adewumis, whose family is homeless, won first place at the New York State chess championship without a single defeat at the beginning of 2019 and he says he is not done yet.

“I want to be the youngest grandmaster,” Tani told The New York Times. Tani placed first in the tournament for kindergarten through third grade — an outstanding win for anyone. “It’s unheard of for any kid, let alone one in a homeless shelter,” said Russell Makofsky, who is in charge of the chess program.

Tani hasn’t had an easy life. His family left northern Nigeria in 2017 fearing attacks on Christians, and moved to New York City over a year ago where the boy learned how to play chess at school. School chess coach Shawn Martinez saw Tani’s potential after observing him stand out in the game a few weeks after first learning it early last year. He reached out to Tani’s family about joining in the school’s chess program, and learned they were unable to pay costs associated with membership. Shawn decided to abandon Tani’s fees, which can easily reach thousands with travel and chess camp admissions.

Seven victories later, the elementary school boy is one of the top players in the country for his age group. “He works very hard at his game,” Martinez said, believing Tani could achieve master status in the next year or two. The world’s youngest grandmaster qualified at the age of 12.

As Tani’s story hits national headlines, more people want to help. Makofsky, who set up a GoFundMe for Tani, said the family has received offers for a car, legal services, jobs and even housing. “My hope is that he’ll be in a home tonight,” Makofsky said.

【小题1】How did Makofsky find Tani’s achievement?
A.Confusing.B.Amusing.
C.Amazing.D.Ridiculous.
【小题2】Shawn decided to abandon Tani’s fees because .
A.Makofsky told him to do so
B.Tani's family were unable to pay costs associated with their daily life.
C.Shawn took charge of the chess program
D.Tani had a great gift for chess.
【小题3】What can we learn from Tani’s story?
A.All things are difficult before they are easy.
B.A good beginning makes a good ending.
C.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
D.God helps those who help themselves.
【小题4】What’s the best title for the text?
A.A Chess Coach Helped to Support a Nigerian Child
B.A Nigerian Family Hit National Headlines in the USA
C.A Homeless Nigerian Won the State Chess Championship
D.An 8-year-old Became the Youngest Grandmaster in 2019
19-20高一下·山西忻州·阶段练习
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However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the____ money and ____to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
【小题1】According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.
A.making more money
B.taking more opportunities
C.reducing missed opportunities
D.weighing the choice of opportunities
【小题2】The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.
A.spared for watching the match at home
B.taken to have dinner with friends
C.spent on the way to and from the match
D.saved from not going to watch the match
【小题3】What are forgone opportunities?
A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.
B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D.Opportunities you make up for.

Are you the type of person who always says “yes”? I’ve come to learn that it is very important to learn to say “no”. It’s okay. People are still going to like you. They may even respect you more because they know you are honest.

I’m not saying to say “no” to someone who really needs your help. I’m talking about turning down that meeting that you really do not want to attend or that birthday party that you don’t want to be a guest at.

Think for a moment how you feel when you say “yes” to something that you really don’t want to do. If you’re like I once was, you can’t sleep at night and you think about it too much. It weighs on your mind. You try to find ways out. Whatever you’re saying to yourself, if you really wanted to go, you wouldn’t have all of these thoughts.

So, why not just say “no” from the beginning?Maybe you feel like if you don’t show up at the meeting (by the way, it is not one you must attend), your boss isn’t going to like you or your co­workers won’t respect you. Maybe you feel as if your mom, dad or sisters won’t love you as much if you don’t do everything for them what they ask every occasion.

If these people are your true friends, family members, or a good boss, they will like or love you the same no matter what. People treat you the way you teach them to, and if you’re someone who always says “yes”, then that’s what they’re expecting.

You need to do what is right for you. Of course we do have real obligations in life to fulfill, but we do not have to do everything others want us to do.

【小题1】Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?
A.We should try to do what our friends ask us to do.
B.We should help others in need.
C.Always saying “yes” means you are dishonest.
D.Always saying “no” means you are brave.
【小题2】Generally speaking, we agree to do what we hate to do because we________.
A.have a bad habitB.have a kind heart
C.have much concernD.have obligations
【小题3】The writer believes that if you say “no” to your family members, you’ll________.
A.have the same relationship with them as beforeB.have a loose relationship with them
C.disappoint themD.upset them
【小题4】What would be the best title for the text?
A.Learn to Make a Right ChoiceB.To Be Yourself
C.Do What You Want to DoD.Learn to Say “No”

Larry Ellison came from the slums to co-found Oracle.

Larry Ellison was born on the Lower East Side of New York during World War II, back when that district was still poor and filled with immigrants striving to survive. At an early age, Ellison caught pneumonia(肺炎) and was sent to the South Side of Chicago to live with relatives. Despite these obstacles, he was able to educate himself and join Software Development Laboratories, in 1977.

This was an important move, because in 1982 the company became Oracle. This is a company that brings in $38 billion every single year, and along the way, Ellison — who stepped down(辞职) as CEO in 2014 — managed to accumulate over $46.2 billion in net worth(净值).

Zdenek Bakala flees Communist Czechoslovakia with $50.

Zdenek Bakala happens to be one of the leading coal entrepreneurs in the United States. Originally from Czechoslovakia, he fled that country when he was just 19. He arrived in Lake Tahoe with just $50 in his pocket. Once there, he got a job washing dishes at Harrah’s casino.

Fast-forward a few years: Bakala attended the famous University of California-Berkeley and acquired his undergraduate degree. That higher education gained him entry into the banking world. And returning to his homeland, in 1994 he opened the Credit Suisse office in Prague.

Due to his enormous wealth, Bakala has managed to acquire huge shares in both coal and iron ore, which he still holds to this day.

Do Won Chang worked three jobs to survive.

Do Won Chang is the famous face behind Forever 21, who immigrated to the United States from South Korea, in 1981. Before he founded Forever 21, he worked three jobs simultaneously(同时地), as a gas station clerk, a janitor(守卫) and a coffee shop employee. That period lasted for three years before he founded the company and opened its first clothing store, in 1984.

This family business grew quickly by taking advantage of the benefits of "fast fashion". Forever 21 is now multi-national and has 480 locations across the world. It has also managed to bring in $3 billion per year. And the next generation has been taken into the company, as Chang has brought his two daughters on board.

【小题1】What can we learn about Larry Ellison?
A.He was born into a wealthy family.
B.He was well educated and capable.
C.He has become a billionaire nowadays.
D.He is still in charge of the company Oracle.
【小题2】Which played the most important role in Zdenek Bakala’s success?
A.His family background.B.The education he received.
C.His friends selfless help.D.The huge share he holds.
【小题3】What do the three persons have in common?
A.They all changed from rags to riches.
B.They are all immigrants to the US.
C.They all managed to graduate from college.
D.They all worked three jobs to survive.

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