Up till about 130 years ago, newspapers in the United States attracted only the most serious readers. They used no illustration (插图) and the articles were about politics or business.
Two men changed that - Joseph Pulitzer bought the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal. Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very exciting one overnight. He added lots of illustrations and he told his reporters to write articles on every crime they could find. And they did. One of them-a woman reporter, even pretended she was mad and was sent to a hospital. She then wrote many articles about the poor treatment of patients in those hospitals where mad men were kept.
In 1895, Hearst came to New York from California. He wanted the Journal to be more exciting than the World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he lowered the price to a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his newspaper headings were bigger than anyone else’s. He often says, “Big print makes big news.”
Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they could to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator, to draw pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was going on, Hearst answered, “You provide the pictures. I’ll provide the war.”
【小题1】What kind of news did American newspapers carry 130 years ago?A.Only serious matters. | B.All kinds of exciting news. |
C.Crimes and mad people. | D.The treatment of patients in hospital. |
A.She helped Joseph Pulitzer buy the New York Journal. |
B.She was forced to be mad and was sent to a hospital. |
C.She learned a lot about the real life of the mad patients in hospital. |
D.She made the newspaper from traditional to exciting. |
A.adding illustrations into newspapers |
B.satisfying the needs of politicians |
C.getting the reporters to write about crimes |
D.printing big newspaper headings |
A.The difficulties that the newspaper owners faced. |
B.Two most famous reporters of the United States. |
C.Newspaper owners were fond of crimes and war. |
D.Two important men changed newspapers greatly. |
Los Angeles is always a popular holiday destination. To fully enjoy your travel there, you should know its food, weather, and also traffic. While driving in L. A. is similar to that in other areas, there are a few specific rules to note.
HOV lanes (车道)
On many L. A. freeways, one or more lanes at the far left are used as high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. They usually have limited access and you can only enter or exit where there is a break in the double yellow line. Most HOV lanes require a minimum of two people in the car; some require three. Vehicles towing trailers (拖车) are NOT allowed in the HOV lane, regardless of how many people are in them.
Toll (收费) lanes
On certain freeways, the HOV lanes are double-purposed as toll lanes for people driving alone who have a FasTrak, an electronic toll collection system. Therefore, you also have to have one in that lane as a HOV, which is inconvenient if you’re just visiting. FasTrak is in effect on parts of the 110 freeway between the 405 and 10 freeways, and on parts of the 10 freeway east of Downtown L. A.
Cell phones
It is against the law to talk on a cell phone while driving without using a hands-free device. Holding a cell phone to your ear while driving will land you with a ticket.
Alcohol
Driving under the influence is taken seriously in L.A. The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08%, but you can be charged with lower levels if they show you can’t function normally. Placing an opened bottle of alcohol in the passenger area while driving (or sitting) is illegal. Any opened container of alcohol has to be transported in the trunk.
【小题1】What do you know about HOV lanes?A.They encourage people to share cars. |
B.They are on the far right of freeways. |
C.They are intended for larger vehicles. |
D.They allow cars to enter over the double yellow line. |
A.Driving on the 110 freeway with a FasTrak. |
B.Putting the cell phone in the car while driving. |
C.Riding with an opened bottle of alcohol in back seats. |
D.Going below the blood alcohol limit of 0. 08%. |
A.A traffic law. | B.A road map. |
C.A guidebook. | D.A report. |
Suppose you are out shopping and come across an old friend who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!”
Where did this come from? Clearly, your body language must have let out your inner feelings. The idea that verbal (口头的) and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lueylle Armentano.
To test the role of verbal-nonverbal mismatch on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a fellow Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, bodily gestures, or both. The bodily gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arm, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses.
Turning to the findings, those nonverbal cues (提示) of nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal cues. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high.
Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, but you should keep your body still and face toward the other person.
【小题1】What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A.The obvious advantages of body language. |
B.The proper way to interact with old friends. |
C.A situation where body language is necessary. |
D.An example of the conflict of verbal and nonverbal messages. |
A.Try to win the nervous student’s trust. |
B.Identify the types of body language. |
C.Respond to the nervous student’s request. |
D.Express nervousness in their words. |
A.Positive attitude to nervousness. | B.Good manners in front of others. |
C.Sincere verbal expressions. | D.Nonverbal cues of nervousness |
A.Give some warnings. | B.Present some facts. |
C.Offer suggestions. | D.Make a prediction |
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