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There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unlike words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.

A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects (实验对象).

The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers (同龄人) in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by connecting fibers (纤维) called the corpus callosum (胼胝体). This was the area that was underdeveloped.

The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.

The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry’s website.

Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.

【小题1】What did the subjects have in common?
A.They were hurt by unkind words.
B.They performed poorly in imaging tests.
C.They had their brain slightly damaged.
D.They experienced no physical abuse at home.
【小题2】Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?
A.To show the power of words.B.To introduce an opposite view.
C.To prove the author’s argument.D.To show ancient people’s wisdom.
【小题3】What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The way we speak matters.
B.Verbal violence should be stopped.
C.Unkind words hurt the brain.
D.Words are worse than sticks and stones.
【小题4】What will be discussed in the next paragraph?
A.Comments on the findings.B.Approaches to further studies.
C.Suggestions to parents.D.Different opinions on the matter.
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Recently, I was talking with a friend of mine about a mutual(共同的) friend of ours. “I wish I could be like Jenny. She always seems so happy. I’m not joking; I honestly think she has the perfect life,” said my friend.

If you were to look at the Instagram account of Jenny, you would indeed see what looks like the perfect life. However, despite the enviable content of her Instagram, I learned through a conversation with this girl that it was all carefully handled. Everything was put together to maintain the public image that she was a happy-go-lucky and carefree girl. When she was sad or upset, there was no indication of these emotions on her Instagram.

In fact, we all choose our online media presence. Look through your Instagram — I bet that you don’t post pictures where you don’t feel camera-ready. On Instagram, we always show our “good side”. Think about it. Would you rather post “I tried so hard but I ended up failing my test” or “ I treated myself to a hot coffee after studying hard all week”?

We all want to present the best parts of our lives, to show what’s going well and what we’re proud of. We take photos of the nice things we own, or of any sorts of events considered “special”, such as invite-only or formal parties. We post photos of the good times rather than the bad times. No matter what happens, we try to make our online image perfect.

There’s absolutely nothing wrong with making your online presence perfect — everyone does it in some way or another. However, when it comes to feeling envious of someone else’s Instagram posts, remember that just like you, they’re showing their good side.

【小题1】What’s Jenny’s life like indeed?
A.She lives a perfect life.B.Her life is full of sadness.
C.Her life is boring and meaningless.D.She lives an ordinary life just like others.
【小题2】What does the author consider common?
A.That people dream of living a perfect life.
B.That people hide their bad side online.
C.That people love reading posts online.
D.That people want to please others online.
【小题3】Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A.We shouldn’t perfect our online image.
B.We should always show our good side.
C.We should stop reading online stories.
D.We don’t need to envy others’ online presence.
【小题4】Where is the text most probably taken from?
A.A professor’s speech.B.A survey of people’s life.
C.A personal online account.D.An entertainment magazine.

Some futurologists have assumed that the vast increase of women in the workforce may portend(预示)an increase in divorce. The opposite of this concern is that the outlook of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. The earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner.

The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The effect of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its effect on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally reasonable. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. By raising a family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.

Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.

A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Meanwhile, an attractive woman who finds her value in work may play an important role in a stable marriage. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

【小题1】If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, _________.
A.they are more likely to control their marriage partners
B.their husbands are expected to do more housework
C.their marriage ties can be strengthened
D.they tend to put their career before marriage
【小题2】One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ________.
A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C.they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D.they tend to suspect their husbands loyalty to their marriage
【小题3】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A.B.C.D.
【小题4】Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view in the passage?
A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic social position of women.
B.Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.
D.The effect of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before. Changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe. It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings; in pure science -a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science -a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

William Shakespeare said, ''The web of our life is of a mingled yarn, good and ill together. ''The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science -seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

【小题1】From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that ______.
A.a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war
B.a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war
C.the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear war
D.the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth
【小题2】The underlined word ''mingled'' most probably means ''______''.
A.simpleB.mixedC.sadD.happy
【小题3】What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
A.Further application of science to war.
B.More reading of William Shakespeare.
C.Proper use of science in the new century.
D.Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.

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