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It’s a good thing that sloths (树懒) don’t have to go to school. They’d never make it on time. These sleepy tree-inhabitants sleep up to 20 hours a day! And even when they are awake, they barely move at all. In fact, they re very slow, and algae (海藻) actually grows on their fur.

Sloths live in the tropical forests of Central and South America, With their long arms and hairy fur. they look like monkeys, but they are actually related to anteaters (食蚁兽). They can be 2 to 2.5 feet long and weigh from 8 to 17 pounds, depending on species.

There are two main species of sloth, identified by whether they have two or three claws. (爪子) on their front feet. The two species are quite similar in appearance, with roundish heads, sad-looking eyes, tiny ears, and short tails. Two toed sloths are slightly bigger and tend to spend more time hanging upside down than their three toed cousins, who will often sit upright in the fork of a tree branch. Three toed sloths have facial coloring that makes them look like they’ re always smiling. They also have two extra neck vertebrae that allow them to turn their heads almost all the way around!

Some scientists think sloths developed their slow-motion lifestyle so they would be less noticeable to hunters such as hawks and cats, which rely heavily on their eyesight when hunting. The algae that grows on sloths’ fur also helps them avoid hunters by letting them mix in with green leaves. They rarely come down from the trees. About once every week, they go down to go to the bathroom, slowly moving about by digging their front claws into the dirt and dragging their bodies. If they are caught by a hunter, sloths will become aggressive, biting fiercely, striking with their claws, and screaming.

【小题1】Who belongs to the same race as the sloth?
A.The monkey.
B.The anteater.
C.The hawk.
D.The cat.
【小题2】Sloths are classified mainly by________.
A.their arms
B.their heads
C.their claws on their front feet
D.their fur on their bodies
【小题3】According to the text, sloths go down from trees once every week in order to________.
A.clean their bodies.
B.hunt food
C.avoid being hunted
D.search for habitats
【小题4】What can we learn from the text?
A.Sloths always like smiling.
B.Cats dislike hunting sloths.
C.Sloths can sleep for a long time.
D.Sloths keep clam when facing danger.
20-21高二上·湖北十堰·期末
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Last month, I said a final farewell to my lovely old dog, Oscar. I have been missing him terribly. Oscar went everywhere with me. He was my mascot of unconditional love, my loneliness relief and one of the big loves of my life.

Many scientific studies have shown that petting a dog and even having one nearby can reduce stress. Peter Wedderburn, a writer and veterinary surgeon, once said “Dogs become a central part of our lives, offering unconditional love, continual company and an alternative to loneliness. A dog is the ultimate loving companion.”

It’s no wonder I miss him. Oscar also gave structure to my day. His soft furry rub was my early morning wake-up call, plus his walks punctuated my day with a stress-relieving wander by the canal bank. Since his death, I have found myself lying in bed feeling a little low and unmotivated. I’m also spending hours at my desk and not getting out into the light all day.

I didn’t want my mood to spiral downwards, so I have started a new, gentle morning practice. I have decided to put my focus on lighting my fire----both literally and metaphorically. Mornings are cold on my canal boat, so what better way to heat things up than by creating a warming ritual(仪式).

As I piled up old newspapers, placed four logs on the pile and loaded up smokeless coal, I thought about the “fuel” I wanted to use today----the opportunities and tools available to me. Finally, I struck the match, which symbolized the “spark of inspiration”. As the fire started to burn, I wrote about someone or something that had inspired me as the flames slowly heated up the boat.

Oscar naturally lit up my days and life. Without him, I’m having to be more conscious about how I look after my mental health and mood, but I’m now starting to enjoy my new start to the mornings. I still miss my lovely dog, but I always end my morning practice by raising my mug of coffee in gratitude for the privilege of 13 years of love and light that he brought into my life. Love never dies.

【小题1】Why does the author mention scientific studies and quotes from Peter Wedderburn?
A.To introduce the funny stories about Oscar.
B.To illustrate how attachment to dogs forms.
C.To emphasize her sorrow at Oscar’s death.
D.To contrast her love for a dog with others’
【小题2】The underlined phrase “spiral downwards” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “_____”.
A.darkenB.lift
C.improveD.swing
【小题3】What did the warming ritual mean to the author?
A.It was a new routine which kept her warm in the morning.
B.She viewed it as a ceremony to mourn her beloved Oscar.
C.She intended the ritual to honor those that had inspired her.
D.It symbolized a departure from her downward feelings

Superheroes come in all shapes and sizes. Sometimes, as is the case here, they even have tails! On October 11, 2021, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) honored Bear, an Australian Koolie, with the “Animal of the Year” Award.

“We think Bear really deserved (应得) this award because he’s been such a good boy in helping us find and rescue a lot of koalas, especially during the bushfires. He works throughout the year to help us in our job to make a better and safer place for koalas,” says Bear’s owner, Dr. Romane Cristescu of the University of the Sunshine Coast.

Bear’s backstory is all too familiar for rescue dogs. His previous owners found his “endless energy and uncontrollable love for play” too much to control and decided to give him up for adoption (收养). They reached out to the University of the Sunshine Coast’s Detection Dogs for Conservation team. Within minutes, the trainers knew he would be a perfect rescue dog. Bear owned a good sense of smell. More importantly, he had no interest in killing the animals he found. All he wanted to do was play!

Between November 2019 and April 2020, the brave canine managed to find out over 100 injured koalas in forests. In May 2020, Cristescu told Newsweek,“We have found some koalas with burns, but many have less visible injuries. We have found some koalas seriously injured. We also have found koalas that are too young to be on their own in the bush and must have been separated from their mums during the fire.

“Bear is a truly amazing dog highlighting the important and positive relationships between animals and humans,” James Sawyer, the UK director of IFAW, said.

【小题1】Why was Bear honored the “Animal of the Year” Award?
A.He had saved his owner s life.B.He had helped put out bushfires.
C.He had found safe homes for koalas.D.He had done a good job as a rescue dog.
【小题2】What did Bear’s previous owners discover about him?
A.His unusual energy.B.His interest in rescuing.
C.His great sense of smell.D.His love for other animals.
【小题3】What does the underlined word“canine”in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.An injured koala.B.Bear.
C.Bear s new owner.D.Cristescu.

Nenad Sestan was working in his office one afternoon in 2016, when he heard his lab members whispering with excitement over a microscope. He realized something beyond their expectations was happening.

The researchers, at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, had found electrical activity in brains taken from dead pigs. With that shocking result, Sestan realized what had started as a side project to find ways to better preserve brain tissue for research had changed into a discovery that could redefine our understanding of life and death.

The excitement soon turned to concern, when the researchers thought they saw widespread, consistent electrical activity which can indicate consciousness( 意识 ). Sestan brought in a neurologist, who determined the readout was actually an error, but the possibility had frightened them.

Sestan kept his cool and immediately did two things: he shut down the experiment and contacted the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as a Yale bioethicist(生物伦理学家). Over the next few months, experts discussed the potential ethical implications, such as whether the brains could become conscious and whether physicians needed to reconsider the definition of brain death.

They submitted the work to Nature. But before the final paper was published, Sestan met sharp criticism from the press. Some even suggested that the researchers were engineering immortality(永生), or maintaining a room full of living brains in jars. Neither he nor his team wanted to discuss the results until the paper was out, but as their inboxes filled with concerns and anger from animal rights activists and futurists, Sestan became depressed. He felt all they could do, however, was to hold off on correcting public misunderstandings until the expert review process had run its course.

Since the paper was published in April, 2019, the team has been so busy fielding questions from the media and scientists that it hasn’t performed any further experiments. Sestan wants to focus on his original questions and explore how long the brains can be maintained and whether the technology can preserve other organs.

“We want to get outside opinion before we do anything,” Sestan says. “When you explore uncharted territory, you have to be extremely thoughtful.”

【小题1】What happened in the lab at Yale School of Medicine in 2016?
A.A better method was found to maintain brain tissue.
B.Researchers discovered how to redefine brain death.
C.Brains from dead pigs were accidentally discovered alive.
D.Researchers arrived at the expected results of the experiment.
【小题2】Why did Nenad Sestan stop the experiment?
A.He needed assistance with the final paper.
B.He spotted a major mistake in the final result.
C.He was frightened by the possibility of failure.
D.He was concerned about the related moral issues.
【小题3】What was people’s reaction towards Nenad Sestan’s experiment?
A.The press were strongly opposed to the experiment.
B.Some people supported the research on immortality.
C.Nobody wanted to discuss the final result in advance.
D.The public took a positive attitude towards the experiment.
【小题4】How could we best describe Nenad Sestan?
A.Responsible and reliable.B.Cooperative and creative.
C.Determined and inspiring.D.Professional and cautious.

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