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Does the amount of cash in a lost wallet influence how likely a person is to return it? Classical economic theories suggest that the greater the appeal, the less likely we are to be honest—but a new study turns the idea on its head, finding altruism(利他主义), and a powerful hate for viewing oneself as a “thief” outweigh the financial attraction.

A team of researchers conducted a huge experiment concerning 355 cities in 40 countries. More than 17,000 identical wallets were dropped off at public places, each containing a grocery list, a key, and three business cards in the local language using made-up names and an email address. Some had no money while others contained the equivalent (等值) of $13.45.

According to the research, people on average returned 40% of wallets with no money in them but 51%with money. It also shows extreme differences between countries. But although rates of people’s honesty varied greatly from country to country, one thing remained remarkably constant: wallets with money, as opposed to no money, raised reporting rates.

In the US, the UK and Poland, they repeated the experiment with even more money: $94.15, which increased reporting rates by an average of 11% compared to the smaller amount. They also found that having a key expanded reporting rates by 9.2%.

The findings, which run counter to a fundamental principle of classical economics, suggest honesty, altruism and self-image can sometimes be more influential than economic self-interest.

A purely economic approach to behavior suggests people would keep the wallets with the larger amounts of money due to the increased financial reward, but economics often doesn’t account for a person’s sense of honesty or self-image, according to behavioral scientists. Altruism also influenced the findings, the researchers say. Since the key is valuable to the owner but not the finder, this pointed toward an altruism concern in addition to the cost of negatively updating one’s self image.

【小题1】What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
B.Add some background information.
C.Describe a widely conducted experiment.
D.Provide the research results for the readers.
【小题2】What’s the average reporting rate of a wallet with $94.15 inside?
A.11%.B.20.2%.
C.51%.D.62%.
【小题3】What does the underlined phrase “run counter to” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Go against.B.Account for.
C.Agree with.D.Focus on.
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Classical economic theories have already been out of date.
B.People are more likely to return a lost wallet with more cash.
C.An experiment conducted worldwide proves people’s altruism.
D.Rates of people’s honesty vary greatly from country to country.
19-20高三上·河北·阶段练习
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Teens who have good, supportive relationships with theachers enjoy better health as adults, according to a research.

“This research suggests that improving students’relationships with teachers could have important, positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success,” said Jinho Kim, the author of the study. “It could also have important health implications in the long run.”

Previous research has suggested that teens, social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood-perhaps because poor relationships can lead to chronic (慢性的) stress which can raise a person’s risk of health problems over the lifespan, according to Kim. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal ——it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might cause both relationship problems in adolescence (青少年的)and poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens relationships with their peers, rather than on their relationships with teachers.

To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study that followed participants for 13 years, from seventh grade into early adulthood.The participants included more than 3, 400 pairs of brothers and sisters. As teens, participants answered questions such as, “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students?” “How much do you agree that friends care about you?” “How often have you had trouble getting along with your teachers?” and “How much do you agree that teachers care about you?” As adults participants were asked about their physical and mental health. Researchers also took measures of physical health,such as blood pressure and BMI(体质指数).

Kim found that, as expected, participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle school and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of brothers and sisters together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.

The results suggest that teacher relationships are even more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students, according to Kim.

【小题1】According to the research mentioned in the passage, ________ .
A.the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is obvious
B.teen relationships with their peers determine their lifetime health
C.students relationships with teachers decide their academic success
D.good relationships with teachers can cause better health as adults
【小题2】By “However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal” in Para. 3, the author means that________.
A.teen relationships with teachers were not studied before
B.family background is the main factor in improving mental health
C.relationship problems in adolescence can cause poor health in adulthood
D.teen relationship is not the only factor that affects the lifetime health
【小题3】Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
A.how the research was conducted
B.what questions were explored
C.how physical health was measured
D.what kind of participants were studied
【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.All the teachers knew how to get along well with students in the past
B.More attention should be paid to the students relationships with teachers
C.The importance of student-teacher relationships was fully realized before
D.Schools know how to train teachers to improve the relationships with students.
Teamwork is all about working together to achieve a common goal or purpose. Is teamwork out of date? Why is it so hard to effectively conduct teamwork in those things?
One way we employ teamwork in everyday lives is by becoming a parent. It is a parent's job to teach their children and the basic skills and give them the knowledge they need to be successful in life. For example, the mother teaches her children manners and good health skills, while the father teaches them how to catch a ball or drive a car. However, in today's society, we find that more and more parents are experiencing that the teamwork is a one-sided thing. According to a report, there are 13.7 million single parents raising their children in the US and this could be due to the fact that parents don't take responsibility for their children, so they leave one parent to do it alone. This is a sad fact, but it reflects that effective teamwork is losing ground in the parenting aspect of our everyday lives.
Another place where teamwork affects us greatly is in our jobs. It doesn't matter if you are a small or large company; if you have at least one employee and yourself, then teamwork will be present. I have noticed that with the current economic recession(衰退期), people are racing to grab jobs but the quality of people's work has gone down greatly. It just appears to me that people do not take pride in their work any more. They want to get to work as fast as they can, just to receive the paycheck, but their quality standards fly right out the window. So I think teamwork is losing its ground in the workforce. There are too many people who want to work independently and forget they are a part of a team.
As you can see, we run into the aspects of teamwork in just about everything we do. Do you believe teamwork is really losing ground in today's society? I think it is.
【小题1】Why does teamwork disappear in the parenting aspect of our daily life?
A.Parents have no time to spare with their children.
B.Parents have no chances to teach their children about it.
C.Many children are often brought up by a single parent.
D.Many children are independent to deal with their matters.
【小题2】Teamwork is losing ground in workforce mainly because          -
A.workers don't like to work together with others
B.workers' sense is affected by economic recession
C.workers want to prove they are more capable
D.fewer workers are employed to save money
【小题3】The author wants us to believe his opinion by_ _.
A.listing some data
B.giving some examples
C.asking some questions
D.analyzing some cases
【小题4】The underlined phrase "fly right out the window" in Paragraph 3 means_______ .
A.disappearB.improve
C.increaseD.matter

I Think I Can: How to Push Yourself to Success

“Because I can” has magic power. It pushes us to leave our comfort zones. It gives us a reason to do the things that we think we can't. 【小题1】.【小题2】.

Whether it is to get to the store or work, climb the stairs instead of taking the elevator. Break the “I’m tired” or

“It is too hard” or “It is too far” cycle. Increasing your activity level will provide enormous benefits, both physically and mentally.


Try Something New

It is easy for us to make excuses for why we shouldn't try new things.【小题3】. Maybe it seems too difficult. Or maybe, it is just inconvenient. Reminding yourself that You Can try something new will help you to move past these roadblocks and discover new things about yourself and possible new interests.


Speak Up

Often, we dare not address(处理)things that bother us or make us unhappy.【小题4】.Use that voice “because you can.” Communicating to loved ones, co-workers, and even your boss as to how you feel, what your needs and expectations are and what you are thinking can help you develop deeper, more meaningful and rewarding relationships. Further, you will be truer to yourself, thus making you a happier individual.


Increase Your Willpower

【小题5】. However, developing a strong willpower, whether it is in response to our favorite chocolate cake or to over-shopping is something that we can all benefit from. Next time you are tempted to do something you think you might regret, try reminding yourself that you can say no. You have the power.

A.Saying “No” to our favorites can be challenging
B.Here are a few ways to apply this positive thinking to your own life
C.You have a voice
D.Be More Active
E.“Because I can” is an easy way to include more activities into your life
F.Maybe you think it is out of your comfort zone
G.A strong willpower can keep us motivated(有动机的)and reach our goals

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