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Orwell’s Impact on the World

Few writers have had such an impact on the thinking of the modern world as British writer George Orwell(1903—1950).Orwell wrote many things on a variety of topics,for example,poverty in England in the 1930s during the Great Depression and his experience in the Spanish Civil War(1936—1939).

But he is most famous for his works of fiction,Animal Farm(1945) and,especially,Nineteen Eighty-Four(1949).These last books became especially influential in the West in the 1950s during the early Cold War years.

In Nineteen Eighty-Four,Orwell imagined a Britain of the future, modeled on the Soviet union. His chilling tale of Winston Smith,a regular man who comes into conflict with the government,was close to the fears of many people of the time.Ideas from the novel soon entered everyday culture,and are still in use today.“Big Brother”,for example,is a phrase from the book that refers to how authority is always looking over one’s shoulder.

Other phrases used in the novel, like “War is Peace” and “Freedom is slavery” are also still used now.Indeed,many people see Orwell’s book as warnings about what might happen if those in power become corrupted.

Even today,Orwell remains an influential voice. Often,writers achieve great fame and popularity,but they don’t affect how people live their everyday lives.For example, British author JK Rowling is a huge literary success, but people wouldn’t say that Harry Potter has affect the way people think about politics. For better or for worse, however, George Orwell has.

It’s because of Orwell’s influence on popular thinking that UNESCO’S Memory of the World Programme recently decided to include a collection of Orwell’s writings on its register.

The Memory of the World register is similar to UNESCO’s world heritage site program,which protects places and buildings and natural features in the world.According to its website,the idea behind the body is “that the world’s documentary evidence belongs to all” and should be “permanently accessible to all”.

University College London,which proposed the idea to UNESCO,said in its application that Orwell’s work “had a great influence on human thought in all parts of the world,an influence that remains potent today”.

【小题1】What do we know about Orwell?
A.His most famous works were based on his own experience.
B.His books were well-received during the Cold-War.
C.He mainly wrote about imaginative, beautiful worlds.
D.His writings are often compared to those of JK Rowling.
【小题2】What’s the novel Nineteen eight-Four about?
A.The cruelty of war in the 20th century.
B.The serious effects of poverty in England.
C.People’s various conflicts with the government.
D.A corrupt UK government of the future.
【小题3】The phrases from Orwell’s books are mentioned in the article mainly to__________.
A.share some of his classic ideas
B.show how he used language in a creative way
C.stress his ideas are still meaningful today
D.show how he described the dark side of society
【小题4】Why were Orwell’s writings included on the Memory of the Word register?
A.They introduced a new way of writing.
B.They were a huge literary success.
C.They shaped political systems in Western countries.
D.They continue to have a great influence on human thought.
19-20高三上·上海浦东新·开学考试
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At 8: 43 p.m. Beijing time on November 3, accompanied by the thunderous roar of engines, a 57-meter-tall rocket pushed itself into the sky over Hainan Province.

An increasing number of Chinese rockets have been launched in the past few years, but this one was particularly significant. It was the first launch of the new Long March 5 rocket, which is much larger than previous versions of China’s carrier rockets. Its successful launch has pushed China to the forefront of the world in terms of rocket carrying capacity (容量、能力). The heavy-lift carrier rocket will enable China to build a permanent manned space station by 2022.

“China is developing very rapidly into one of the major space players,” says Brian Harvey, a space analyst and author of China in Space: The Great Leap Forward. “You will see the Chinese quite visibly begin to match the capacity of the other space powers.” “We are not satisfied with the achievements we have made in the fields of space technology. With the development of China’s space program, we are trying to make contributions to human knowledge about the universe.” says Wang Chi of the National Space Science Center.

For the next decade, the Tiangong Space Station will be China’s principal destination. Although not as large as the International Space Station, it will have a broadly similar capacity to perform scientific experiments. China also plans to land a small rover (探测车) on the far side of the moon in 2018, which will be a world first. Also in the advanced planning stages is a over to go to Mars. Additionally, designs for a Long March 9 rocket are being studied. With the first launch of the rocket due in 2025, China could very well be in a position to land astronauts on the moon by 2030.

China’s space program is making progress year upon year. It is quite clear that a dramatic shift in space power is taking place.

【小题1】Why was the launch on Nov. 3 particularly significant?
A.It was first done from the sea in Hainan province.
B.It was the first time to launch Chinese carrier rocket.
C.It launched the biggest carrier rocket in the world.
D.It marked a new era of space exploration in China.
【小题2】What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.Development of China’s space program.
B.China’s contributions to space stations.
C.Comments on China’s space exploration.
D.China’s achievements in space technology.
【小题3】According to the text, what might China achieve for the next decade?
A.To build a manned space station.B.To launch its Long March 5 rocket.
C.To land astronauts on the moon.D.To perfect the International Space Station.
【小题4】What may be the best title for the text?
A.The Great Event in HainanB.China’s New Launch
C.China’s New Space PowerD.Space Plans for Next Decade

It may surprise bookworms, but apparently masterpieces such as Jane Eyre are lacking in something — sound effects. An electronic-book firm is adding background noises and music to the works of Charlotte Bronte, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and William Shakespeare in the hope of attracting younger readers. In one example, a description of rain lashing against a window in a Sherlock Holmes story will be “enhanced” with matching noises.

The first multimedia e-books — with sounds to accompany novels — will be available this Friday in the UK. The Booktrack releases are available to iPad users, with other tablet computer versions to follow. The concept is already in use in the U.S., where the classics come with added sound effects. Readers for example can hear the china cups chinking in Mr. Darcy’s garden as they read Pride And Prejudice.

A story by Booker Prize winner Salman Rushdie will be released later in the year with a specially crafted orchestral score. Rushdie’s story In The South will be released with a soundtrack provided by the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra.

The Power Of Six by Pittacus Lore, a novel for young adults, is one of the first to be tested with a soundtrack which builds in suspense in keeping with the plot. It works by timing the speed of each reader and the software measures the “turning” of a page and moves the music or sounds along accordingly. It has been created by Booktrack which synchronizes (使同步) music to each novel. It is funded by Peter Thiel, a co-founder of PayPal.

Mr. Thiel said, “It’s always exciting to witness the creation of a new form of media. The technology promises to captivate readers in a different way.”

However, they have been greeted with horror by traditionalists, who say the technology takes away the pleasure of having one’s imagination stimulated by a story. They also raise the prospect (预期) of having to ask an overly eager reader to turn their book down. David Nicholls, whose bestseller One Day was recently turned into a film starring Anne Hathaway, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. It would be a distraction.”

【小题1】What’s the purpose of the electronic-book firm adding sound effects to masterpieces?
A.To add some creative factors to the e-books.
B.To arouse interest of the readers.
C.To satisfy the readers’ great need.
D.To promote the technology progress.
【小题2】Where was the idea that sounds are added to accompany novels first put forward?
A.Britain.B.Australia.
C.New Zealand.D.America.
【小题3】The following should be done to make a soundtrack work, EXCEPT _________.
A.measuring how long each reader spends in reading
B.increasing the volume of the music or sounds
C.making out the reading speed
D.changing the music or sounds with pages turned
【小题4】What’s Mr. Thiel’ attitude to the future of the new form of media?
A.Doubtful.B.Indifferent.
C.Hopeful.D.Pessimistic.

“Won't you be my neighbor?” is a famous song from Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, a popular children's television show. The show, broadcast for 31 years and ending in 2001, sought to teach American children the importance of kindness and understanding towards others. But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors. That may be destroying Americans communities.

Marc Dunkelman wrote a book called “The Vanishing Neighbor”. In it, he examined how American communities have changed over time. Dunkelman said most Americans have three levels of relationships: The inner circle includes family and close friends. The middle circle is more casual relationships. People in this circle include neighbors and people in community groups. The outer circle includes people who live far away but share a common interest.

In his book, Dunkelman argued that people spend most of their time and attention on the inner and outer circles. But he said the middle-circle is necessary to strengthening local communities. Relationships with neighbors are important for debate, hearing different ideas and finding compromise.

Americans used to have more middle-circle relationships. Face-to-face communication was unavoidable without cell phones or the internet. People also felt more of a duty to join community organizations.

Dunkelman argued that modern life has made middle-circle relationships less important. He said globalization, education and more women in the workforce have resulted in less middle-circle communication. Americans may be losing what it means to be a good neighbor, as Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers Neighborhood taught.

However; doing good for a neighbor is healthy “not just for our neighbor but for ourselves as well,” Dunkelman said. “Learning how to be a good citizen can be lost when we defer the problem to somebody else.”

【小题1】What does the underlined word “that" refer to in paragraph 1?
A.The lack of close ties with neighbors.B.The popularity of children's TV shows.
C.The way of teaching children to be kind.D.The previous knowledge of communities.
【小题2】What is a benefit of having middle-circle relationships?
A.Preventing digital harm.B.Sharing opinions with others.
C.Bearing more family responsibilities.D.Raising awareness of health problems.
【小题3】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.How to Get Along with Neighbors?B.The Inner-circle or the Middle-circle?
C.Why are Americans Becoming Distant?D.Are American Communities Disappearing?

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