Heating and cooling equipment are the biggest users of energy in American homes. And homes are responsible for about one fourth of the nation’s total energy use. But there are surprisingly simple ways to deeply cut energy use,its effect on the environment and its cost. David Peabody and his team at Peabody Architects design passive homes. He says the design of a passive house aims to reduce energy demand to its lowest possible level. Passive houses use no solar,geothermal or wind energy equipment. But they are extremely energy efficient.
Mr Peabody says passive houses cut heating and cooling costs by about 90 percent. But what sets his design apart from other "green homes" is that it looks like any other home. Peabody Architects says it is building the first passive home in the Washington. D.C. area. But it will not he the last. In Arlington. Virginia. Roger Lin and his brother Eric are also building one. Roger Lin of Southern Exposure Homes explains that windows are sealed against leaks and have three layers of glass. The windows are airtight. On a cold winter day,the temperature inside the unfinished home is a comfortable 12 degrees,or 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
David Peabody says you can find passive honks all over the world. DAVID PEABODY:
"North Africa,for example,has a passive house community designing for very hot dry climates.” The first passive design was an apartment building in Darmstadt,Germany. Two physicists helped develop it about 20 years ago. Passive houses use some specialized materials. These include precast concrete panels and insulation(隔热).They also need to have special air treatment systems. Supporters say they cost only about five or eight percent more than traditional homes. But they use 10 percent of the energy for heating and cooling.
【小题1】Which of the following is the advantage of passive houses?A.They are extremely energy efficient. |
B.They look much like the other houses. |
C.They cost much less than traditional houses. |
D.They are more comfortable than other houses. |
A.Arlington | B.Mexico |
C.North Africa | D.Germany |
A.Passive homes are specially built for winter use. |
B.Passive homes can be found everywhere in the world. |
C."Green homes" differ from traditional homes in their appearances. |
D.The construction of passive homes takes advantage of high technology. |
A.Objective. | B.Negative. |
C.Doubtful. | D.Optimistic. |
TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level, Salt water is already entering the country’s drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable.
Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer. Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes.
A.The main cause of global warming is human pollution |
B.Should this come true |
C.Without urgent help, the country’s days are numbered. |
D.But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea |
E.The sea level could rise by one meter this century. |
F.people face a lot of pollution. |
G.much has been done about our planet . |
If you look at the dynamic “Global Temperatures” map on NASA’s website, you can see the historic temperature change over time across the planet as the timeline goes from 1880 to the modern day. By 2019, the entire planet is in red, orange, and yellow colors, indicating temperatures much higher than the historical average in every country and human inhabitance.
If the timeline went to 2023, the map would look even worse. That’s because the summer of 2023 was the hottest ever, according to ocean monitors. July was the hottest month in recorded history. Next July could be worse. Unless we do something quickly, we face dealing with more and more dangerous and expensive natural disasters in the future.
Forest fires sent smoke from Canada across the North American continent, causing New York City to have the worst air quality in its recorded history. Heavy rainstorms fell on Vermont and the Northeastern United States in just a couple of days in the middle of July, which exceeded the amount that area would usually receive in two months and caused extreme damage to homes and businesses. Around the same time, flash flooding in Bucks County, Pennsylvania — north of Philadelphia — killed nearly a dozen people.
Erich Fischer, a researcher specializing in climate studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, is concerned that natural disasters could get much worse in the future—and in ways we cannot predict. He called for a “strike for climate justice,” which actually took place on Sept. 15, 2023. “The strategy needs to be twofold (双重的) . We need to decrease carbon emissions as much as realistically possible. That is already happening with people using electric cars and other green technologies. At the same time, we also need to find ways to predict the risk of natural disasters ahead of time,” said Erich Fischer.
【小题1】Why does the writer mention the data on NASA’s website in paragraph 1?A.To explain a concept. | B.To introduce a topic. |
C.To provide a solution. | D.To make a prediction. |
A.The severity of natural disasters. | B.The worst air quality in New York City. |
C.The extreme damage by flash flooding. | D.The cause of the forests fires in Canada. |
A.He advocated a twofold strategy. |
B.He suggested forbidding carbon emissions. |
C.He required people to use more electric cars. |
D.He emphasized the awareness of climate changes. |
A.The Hottest Month in History | B.Natural Disasters in the World |
C.Extreme Weather Could Get Worse | D.Green Technology Would be Needed |
Used electronics are piing up fast: they are filling up landfills with dangerous pieces of waste. Some e-waste is relatively large, such as air conditioners; other e-waste is more unnoticed, such as smart labels that contain disposable batteries and other equipment.
“It’s these small batteries that are big problems,” says University of California, Irvine, public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who is a green technology researcher and adviser for major tech companies and was not involved in developing the battery. “Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.” Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem. Their new paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side. A traditional battery’s components are covered in plastic and metal; in the new battery, however, the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解) when the paper becomes wet. When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable. Once the paper is wet, the battery starts working within 20 seconds. The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries. When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained function and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
That future may not be so far off. It is hard to predict a time line for manufacturing such items at scale, but the head of the study says he is in contact with potential industry partners and believes these batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years.
【小题1】Why is e-waste mentioned in paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic. | B.To give people warning. |
C.To show the seriousness of it. | D.To call on people to take action. |
A.Objective. | B.Carefree. | C.Indifferent. | D.Concerned. |
A.The difference between the paper battery and the traditional battery. |
B.The working principle of the paper battery. |
C.The problem of the paper battery. |
D.The advantage of the paper battery. |
A.Paper battery: Is it far off? |
B.Paper can work wonders. |
C.Paper battery: A creative way to reduce e-waste. |
D.Let’s work together to fight e-waste. |
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