Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
【小题1】The discovery shows that Westerners .
A.pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth |
B.consider facial expressions universally reliable |
C.observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways |
D.have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions |
A.To make a face at each other. | B.To get their faces impressive. |
C.To classify some face pictures. | D.To observe the researchers' faces. |
A.The participants in the study. |
B.The researchers of the study. |
C.The errors made during the study. |
D.The data collected from the study. |
A.do translation more successfully |
B.study the mouth more frequently |
C.examine the eyes more attentively |
D.read facial expressions more correctly |
A.The Eye as the Window to the Soul |
B.Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions |
C.Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills |
D.How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding |
A teenage girl writes to Choices magazine, asking for help with a problem, and other teens give their advice.
The Problem
Dear Choices, My mother never lets me go out alone with any of my friends. Every time I want to go out, she gives me an incredibly long and boring speech. When I try to state my totally reasonable case, we end up arguing. I'm a girl of 16. I think I'm absolutely mature enough to go out alone with my friends. What should I do?-Sara T. |
Four Replies
I think our moms might be twins. They're both so unfair. You should do what I do. Go out anyway. After all, you are 16! That's obviously old enough to go out alone with your friends. Naturally, I've made some mistakes. But I've learned from them. And so far, I haven't gotten into any trouble.-Steven E. Your mom's probably strict because she loves you. Naturally, she doesn't want you to go out without supervision because she's afraid you'll get hurt. You should definitely follow her directions. Remember that she loves you and that you're the most important person in her life. I know my mom feels that way about me!-JoséG. Your mom is not so reasonable, but perhaps you can work out some kind of compromise(妥协). Invite your friends to your house, and let your mom get familiar with them. Maybe you'll find some middle ground!-Maria M. I had the same trouble with my mom's rules at your age.(I'm 18 now.)Next time your mom gives you "the speech," say: "Mom, I know what you're saying, but let me explain my side." Then present your case. Tell your mom where you'll be, how long you'll be out, and who's going to be there. Then she won't be so worried about you.-Shawna S. |
A.To prevent her going out. | B.To explain their family rules. |
C.To make her behave properly. | D.To teach her how to make friends. |
A.Steven E. | B.José G. |
C.Maria M. | D.Shawna S. |
A.Ask Mom for some suggestions. | B.Argue with Mom about her orders. |
C.Tell Mom the details of her trip out. | D.Give Mom a long and boring speech. |
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