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The view you adopt for yourself significantly affects the way you lead your life. It can determine whether you become the person you want to be and whether you achieve the things you value. How does this happen? How can a simple belief have the power to transform your psychology and, as a result, your life?

Believing that your qualities are carved in stone—the fixed mindset—creates an urgency to prove yourself over and over. Some of us are trained in this mindset from an early age. Even as a child, I was focused on being smart, but the fixed mindset was really stamped in by Mrs. Wilson, my sixth-grade teacher. She believed that people’s IQ scores told the whole story of who they were. We were seated around the room in IQ order, and only the highest-IQ students could be trusted to collect homework, or take a note to the principal. She was creating a mindset in which everyone in the class had one consuming goal—look smart, don’t look stupid.

I’ve seen so many people with this one consuming goal of proving themselves—in the classroom, in their careers, and in their relationships. Every situation calls for a confirmation of their intelligence, personality, or character. Every situation is evaluated: Will I succeed or fail? Will I look smart or stupid? Will I feel like a winner or a loser?

But doesn’t our society value intelligence, personality, and character? Isn’t it normal to want these qualities? Yes, but...

There’s another mindset, the growth mindset, which is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can develop through your efforts. Although people may differ in every which way—in their inborn talents, interests, or characters—everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience. Did you know that Darwin and Tolstoy were considered ordinary children? That the photographer Cindy Sherman, who has been on almost every list of the most important artists of the twentieth century, failed her first photography course? That Geraldine Page, one of our greatest actresses, was advised to give it up for lack of talent?

You can see how the belief that valuable qualities can be developed creates a passion for learning. Why waste time proving how great you are, when you could be getting better? Why hide weaknesses instead of overcoming them? And why seek out the tried and true, instead of experiences that will stretch you? The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it, even when it’s not going well, is the feature of the growth mindset. This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives.

【小题1】What is the author’s attitude toward Mrs. Wilson’s way of teaching?
A.Unconcerned.B.Sceptical.C.Supportive.D.Disapproving.
【小题2】According to Paragraph 5, the example of Darwin and Tolstoy shows that_____.
A.success has nothing to do with natural gifts
B.achievements can be gained through hard work
C.it’s difficult to predict one’s future success
D.one single outcome defines our ability
【小题3】The author strongly believes that we should _____.
A.carry out an honest evaluation of our qualities
B.see success as a proof of intelligence or talent
C.focus on self-development rather than self-proving
D.believe good things will happen during difficult times
【小题4】The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A.explain the differences between two mindsets
B.persuade people to adopt the right mindset
C.inform people of the influence of mindset
D.advise people to assess their mindset
18-19高二下·北京西城·期末
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You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are people who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for their growth.

Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish(沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others——and even themselves——to feel like victims, too. Creators willingly choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the sadness, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

In every moment and every situation, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear goal to change the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

【小题1】What does the word “they” in Paragraph1 probably refer to?
A.People and things around you.B.Opportunities and problems.
C.Creators and their choices.D.Victims and their sufferings.
【小题2】According to Paragraph 2, creators ________.
A.seem willing to experience failures in life
B.own the ability to predict future life
C.deal with ups and downs of life wisely
D.have the ability to create something new
【小题3】The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________.
A.strong connection to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B.people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D.one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
【小题4】What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To make the readers know what victims and creators are.
B.To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
C.To suggest the change from victims to creators.
D.To measure victims against creators.

If you were to see a cold,hungry cat in front of your house,would you feed it or walk away?Most people would walk away instead of taking the time to make sure the cat is okay. 【小题1】 They usually have so much to deal with in their daily life as to ignore their surroundings.

Now here’s another question: If you see a group of kids hitting and abusing an animal,would you stop them?【小题2】 Some people do not believe that animal abuse is a big issue.

Every day animals are abused in their homes or on the streets. It seems as if politicians do nothing to stop this issue. Everyone is worried about education and global warming. What about animals?【小题3】 These are the rights that allow animals a place to stay,a shelter if they have no place to stay,the right not to be abused and many other rights. Are we taking away animals’ right by not giving them a place to stay?Yes,we are. Since I was born,my mother,my sister and I have taken in over fifty homeless cats,fed them,cleaned them and sent them to good families.

Some people probably give different views,saying,“【小题4】” It’s true. There are people in the world that need help but we cannot forget the animals. We are all living on this Earth together,why not help each other?

【小题5】 You can volunteer at your local animal shelter,raise money for animal shelters,and inform your community about animal abuse. You can easily buy a cheap box of dry cat/dog food to feed the animals.

A.Again people would walk away.
B.There are many things you can do to help animals around.
C.Many people have little knowledge about old animals.
D.Animals,like us Americans,have rights.
E.The problem is that people generally live busy lives.
F.I’m only one person and I can’t make a difference.
G.There are people in the world who need more help than old animals.

In a classic episode of The Simpsons, Homer’s class reunion ends in shame when one of Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma, he must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark dialogues with his brain. “All right, brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”

Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson’s Everyman character really is an Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s autopilot take over.

And no wonder. Evolution has blessed the human brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we would break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such as effortless thinking.

But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism, hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的) feeling.

Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable or unappealing to many people.

One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March For Science. Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to people who don’t much like their own brains — or other people’s.

【小题1】What does the author want to convey through Homer’s story?
A.Feeling is very important.
B.Drinking beer is harmful to one’s brain.
C.High school seniors should work hard.
D.Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
【小题2】How do you read between the lines of the underlined sentence according to the passage?
A.Most people would rather tell jokes than tell the truth.
B.Most people don’t want to toil through scientific tests.
C.Most people would love to have their brains controlled by a pilot.
D.Most people like Simpson’s ordinary character are willing to think simple.
【小题3】What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A.Our mental shortcuts function well.
B.Effortless thinking is expensive for people.
C.Effortless thinking is dangerous to society.
D.People prefer effortless thinking to critical thinking.
【小题4】What does the author think of critical thinking?
A.It makes the world go round.
B.It needs necessary training.
C.It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D.It leads to the March For Science in 2017.
【小题5】What is the best title for the text?
A.Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed
B.Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date
C.We Need to March Towards Science
D.Thinking Contributes to Social Problems

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