The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was invented by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. It is a self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The MBTI personality inventory (量表) sorts people into 16 type categories, each of which is represented by four-letter codes such as INFP and ESTJ. Every year, about 1.5 million people have enjoyed discovering their personality type by completing the MBTI. Many companies, as well as hundreds of universities, use it in hiring and training.

Nevertheless, the MBTI has received a noticeable criticism from the academic community. Some research suggests the MBTI is unreliable because the same person can get different results when retaking the test. Other studies have questioned the validity of the MBTI, which is the ability of the test to accurately link the “types” to outcomes in the real world -for example, how well people classified as a certain type will perform in a given job.

Merve Emre, a professor a Oxford University, points out that it would be more scientifically advisable to score the MBTI scales continuously to show people the degree to which they resemble the types. Even when the MBTI’s results don’t quite match your intuition (直觉) about yourself or are just wrong, they can still provide self-insight and insight into differences and similarities between people.

Scoring and interpreting the MBTI the way other personality inventories are scored and interpreted might be less fun than finding. All of the folklore (民间看法) about INFPs, ESTJs, etc. would have to be dismissed. But, in the end the MBTI is sufficiently reliable and valid enough to be useful in a number of real-world contexts.

When you think about inventions that have completely changed human existence，what comes to your mind? Probably the wheel，the printing press，the refrigerator and definitely personal computers. 【小题1】，but without which we'd be much worse off，like eyeglasses.Imagine a world without glasses---many of us would walk around bumping into things and driving our cars up onto the sidewalk. 【小题2】?

The truth is that nobody knows who invented eyeglasses. At some point in ltaly between 1268 and 1289 someone came up with the idea, but the actual inventor remains unknown.What we do know is that the earliest lenses were made from quartz(石英) and were usually set into bone, metal, or leather. 【小题3】，they started making lenses out of glass.

Although glasses spread quickly throughoutEurope and Asia, there was one major problem: how to keep them on the wearer's face? 【小题4】. It took nearly 400 years before opticians(验光师)figured out that hard sidepieces resting on top of the ears might do the trick.

【小题5】, who invented bifocals(双光眼镜) in the 1780s. Annoyed at having to constantly switch glasses whenever he wanted to read or take in the sights while traveling，he had his reading glasses cut in half and joined with his distance glasses. Now that's the American creative item for you.

Digital devices are great, but they can also be annoying when it comes to writing or drawing. Most of the time you must rely on your fingertips to do the typing or drawing for you, and what you wanted to write or draw might not come out the way you imagined. A new pen called “Phree”, created by Israeli company called OTM Technologies, aims to change the dependency that most of us have when it comes to writing or drawing in digital form.

The Phree pen looks a lot like a regular pen in both size and shape. The difference is that you can use the Phree pen to write on any surface (from a table to a wall), and then transfer that writing directly to your target device.

Phree uses a sensor called a 3D laser interferometer (激光干涉仪). The laser beams are projected (投影) on the surface and they will be reflected back to the interferometer. By analyzing these beams’ tracks, the laser interferometer measures the hand motion while writing.

The pen connects with your phone via a Bluetooth. Phree can be used to take notes using various applications on the target device. The notes will appear on the target device whenever you open it. You can even receive, write and send text messages using the device display (显示装置) and it can function as an earphone. Phree can also be used as a regular computer mouse whenever it is connected to a target device. The device can also be used as ID equipment as it can precisely analyze the way a person writes.

“We see Phree as a standard input device in the mobile world, in the same way the mouse became a standard part of PC use. We also see benefits to emerging technologies like AR and VR headsets, interactive TV, and IoT (Internet of Things ).” Gilad Lederer, co-founder of OTM Technologies said.