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There are about 6,500 languages spoken throughout the world,but about half of them are in danger of disappearing.

One of the primary causes driving language loss is that support for language communities drastically varies.While some languages are recognized by governments and taught in schools,the majority go unrecognized,unsupported,and untaught,leaving communities ill-equipped to pass their languages on to future generations.Tsakonian,a“dialect(方言)”in Greece,has declined to the point that only 100 speakers remain.

When a language disappears,many other things can go away as well.For example,parts of a community’s culture,knowledge and identity can also be lost.

One organization seeking to save world languages is Wikitongues,which was founded as a school project by Daniel Bogre Udell in 2012,when he began recording short oral histories in New York to explore the city’s rich cultural diversity with the simple idea:tell me about yourself or your home in your native language.When he posted the videos online,the channel quickly got wide attention.

There are currently over 400 languages and dialects represented on Wikitongues’channel and more than 1,500 people from 70 different countries have added videos to it.But that’s far from enough.The organization seeks to serve as an Internet resource to keep as many languages as possible alive.Udell believes they can make it happen.“There are many examples of languages that disappeared but later returned to use.Hebrew went extinct in the 4th century BC,and was revived(恢复)in the 1800s.Now once again,it's the mother tongue of half of the world’s Jewish population,”said Udell.

【小题1】What can be inferred about Tsakonian in Greece?
A.It’s hard to speak and understand.
B.It will definitely die out in the future.
C.It’s not allowed to speak in Greece.
D.It lacks recognition and support.
【小题2】What effect may be brought by the extinction of languages?
A.Harming future generations.B.Reducing cultural diversity.
C.Preventing daily communication.D.Changing school projects.
【小题3】What’s the purpose of Wikitongues?
A.To support people in saving their languages.
B.To revive languages that have disappeared.
C.To record enough short oral histories.
D.To explore the world’s rich cultures.
【小题4】What does Udell want to tell us by giving Hebrew as an example in the last paragraph?
A.All extinct languages will be brought back to life.
B.It’s possible to prevent languages from dying out.
C.More languages will be presented on Wikitongues’channel.
D.Hebrew has become one of the most popular languages in the world.
2019·山东烟台·一模
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The market watchdog(市场监督部门)in northwest China's Xi'an has started a survey in a complaint that a woman's newly bought Mercedes-Benz car has engine oil leaks(泄漏). The incident has attracted wide attention after a video of a woman sitting on top of a Mercedes-Benz while weeping and arguing with salesmen went viral online. In the video posted on Weibo by a net friend on April II, the woman said she found an oil leak when she was driving the car home from the 4S store. After she drove the car back, the trader claimed(宣称)the car had passed all tests before it was sold. She was told she couldn’t get her money hack nor change a new car for her. All that the trader could offer was to change the engine. The CLS300 car cost around 660,000 yuan.($98,445).

The customer met with officials from the market watchdog of Gaoxin District on Saturdav, requesting full maintenance(维修)history of the car and an independent lest by a third-party,Shaanxi TV Station reported.

Mercedes-Benz issued an announcement on its Weibo account on Saturday,saying it was sorry for the customer's "unpleasant experience". The company has sent a team to Xi’an to help solve the problem. Li Yong, an official with the market watchdog of Gaoxin District in Xi’an, told cruest.com that they learned about the incident online. They are still surveying the incident. They will punish those who are responsible if anything illegal is discovered.

【小题1】What can we know about the incident?
A.The woman has posted the video on the Internet.
B.The incident has attracted wide attention.
C.The woman destroyed the engine herself.
D.The market watchdog did a survey of the customer.
【小题2】What did the trader promise to do for the woman?
A.Give her a VIP card.B.Return her money.
C.Inspect the car again.D.Change the engine.
【小题3】How much did the woman spend buying the cat?
A.66 thousand dollars.B.Nearly 100 thousand dollars.
C.66 thousand yuan.D.98,445 yuan
【小题4】Where can we see this article?
A.On a travel website.B.In a storybook.
C.In a newspaper.D.In a textbook.

If we’re already working alone at home, why do we always think of working with our heads similarly down in a public setting?

Of course, Covid-19 has made impossible the stay in a cafe for long, and meanwhile made remote work normal part of life. As we begin another year living with a pandemic (流行病), we might wonder why, when things settle down, we should bother going back out to work in public, only to work independently with our heads down — something we’re already doing at home now.

But putting on your noise-lessening headphones to work at your desk is actually different from doing the same surrounded by other people buzzing over your shoulder. There are many ways coffee shops awake our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t.

A 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that background noise in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if your attention is slightly taken away from the task at hand by stimuli (刺激), it improves your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative ideas.

Another study from 2019, which had similar findings, centers around what’s called “stochastic resonance”: originally observed in animals, it’s the phenomenon in which just the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And while the amount varies, audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making. So, the jazz, light conversation and banging coffee grounds aren’t an annoyance — they could help you come up with your next grand work.

There’s also the fact that in a cafe, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as something encouraging. A 2016 study backed up this idea noting “simply performing a task next to a person who made a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”.

【小题1】According to paragraph 2, what might be people’s attitude towards working in a cafe?
A.Supportive.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.
【小题2】What does the underlined phrase “buzzing over your shoulder” mean?
A.Clapping you on the shoulder.B.Talking to you continuously.
C.Making noises around you.D.Working on the same task.
【小题3】Why can the background noise in a cafe contribute to your creative thoughts?
A.It promotes your abstract thinking.
B.It keeps your attention from wandering away.
C.It is beneficial to our senses.
D.It encourages us to learn from hardworking people.
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Working in cafes — a choice by the majorityB.Working in cafes — a reflection of creativity
C.Working in cafes — a tendency in pandemicsD.Working in cafes — a source of creativity

The well-known Tsinghua University and Peking University held graduation ceremonies (典礼) on the same day this year. The presidents of the two universities delivered excellent speeches at the ceremonies as they used words, phrases or ways of expression that are very popular on the Internet currently. At the same time, graduation speeches by other university presidents were also under the spotlight for the same reason. Their speeches were warmly welcomed by students as they contained many fashionable words today, such as “floating clouds” (meaning “too small and of little importance to mention”) and “gelivable”   (meaning ”very helpful”) . In the speeches , these university presidents recalled campus life together with students and finally moved all the audiences. They were very different from the usual run of lectures.

Many university presidents have changed their regular manner of making speeches at graduation ceremonies from an advising and preaching (说教)mode to a more fashionable and funny way. They try to use those words popular among young people in their speeches.

In the past, university presidents’ speeches were criticized for being too standard and lacking emotion. Now, they use fashionable words in their speeches, reflecting they are starting to adopt more everyday attitudes to students. The use of these new expressions has triggered a heated discussion. It focuses on the question of whether university presidents should speak in an informal way at graduation ceremonies.

Supporters who are in favor of the university presidents, new manner of making speeches consider it good to build close ties with students by using the youth’s own words even during the formal ceremonies. Opponents argue the new ways have no practical value or significance for education but are merely to please those leaving university.

【小题1】What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A.The word “gelivable “ means “too small and unimportant”.
B.More and more students are eager to make speeches in public.
C.These university presidents recalled campus life in their speeches
D.University presidents’ new ways of making speeches are popular with the young.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “triggered“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean ?
A.Set offB.Take overC.Break downD.Focus on
【小题3】What do people argue about ?
A.How university presidents’ speeches were criticized for being too standard.
B.Whether university presidents should use fashionable words on formal occasions.
C.How words are changing with the development of technology.
D.Whether ifs necessary for us to follow the traditional customs.
【小题4】What’s probably the author’s attitude toward the university presidents’ new ways of making speeches?
A.NegativeB.ObjectiveC.DoubtfulD.Indifferent

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