试题详情
阅读理解-阅读单选 较难0.4 引用1 组卷212

American families are accustomed to settling in faraway places, which has been a national phenomenon. Decades of data, including a more recent Gallup study, characterizes the US as one of the most geographically mobile countries in the world. “About one in four US adults(24 percent) has reported moving within the country in the past five years.” the reported noted. With the exception of Finns(23 percent) and Norwegians(22 percent), Americans move considerably more than their European peers.

Though some may move for love or family, the major reason why Americans choose to move around is, unsurprisingly, related to work. Citing data from the Current Population Survey, a post on the blog of the New York Fed noted that between 1998 and 2013, “slightly more than half of interstate(州际的) migrants said they moved for employment­related reasons—a category that includes moves undertaken for new jobs, job transfers, and easier commutes(通勤).”

The seeking of opportunity, particularly for an immigrant nation, is a national mythology(神话) as well as an emotional attachment to work. A new working paper analyzed by Ben Steverman at Bloomberg suggests that workers in the US now “put in almost 25 percent more hours than Europeans” in a given year. This figure has steadily risen since the 1970s, when the hours logged by workers in Western Europe and the US were roughly the same.

There are, of course, some internal factors. The US is much vaster than most European countries, plus it boasts(拥有) a common language. It is considered to be a sign of an efficient labor market that US workers can be persuaded to move to regions where there is a steady growth in jobs, such as the Sun Belt in recent years. And while American workers often have fewer labor protections than their European counterparts, as a report by the World Bank noted in 2012, American “labor laws give employers the power to fire, hire, or relocate(重新安置) workers according to their needs”, a flexibility that is thought to aid economic growth. The World Bank report added that the occupation of the average US employee in 2006 was 4 years, compared to 10 years in the European Union.

Nevertheless, while Americans remain excessively mobile, FaithKarahan and Darious Li at the New York Fed are the latest to note that US workers are moving around less than before. During the 1980s, 3 percent of working­age Americans relocated to a different state each year; that figure had been cut in half by 2010. “While part of the decline can be attributed to the Great Recession,” the authors suggest, “this__phenomenon took place over the course of several decades and is not necessarily related to the economic conditions.”

So what accounts for this phenomenon? A round­up of theories by Brad Plumer at The Washington Post included the aging of the US workforce, the further rise of two­income households, the burdens of real estate, evolving workplace culture, as well as the flat line of wages, which makes moving away for a job, on average, a less rewarding financial proposition.

Karahan and Li put much stock in the effects of an aging workforce, to which they attribute at least half of the decline in interstate migration. “In short, a young individual today is moving less than a young person did in the 1980s because of the higher presence of older workers,” they write, suggesting that employers have shifted their employment tactics(策略) to adapt to the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the workforce. Needless to say, movies about this era in American life, in which fewer people set out to start lives in wide­ranging places, will probably be much less exciting.

【小题1】According to the passage, in the past five years, Americans have moved ________.
A.relatively less than the BritishB.less frequently than Italians
C.slightly more than NorwegiansD.considerably more than Finns
【小题2】What can we infer from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A.Americans choose to move mainly for work and family.
B.Americans have a very strong interest in work.
C.Americans invested more time in work than Europeans in 1975.
D.Americans tended to move to Europe between 1998 and 2013.
【小题3】Which of the following is NOT the reason why American workers move more than their European peers?
A.There is a common language in the US.
B.The US is much vaster than most European countries.
C.American labor laws give employers more freedom to deal with them.
D.They are offered more efficient labor protections.
【小题4】The underlined part “this phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.
A.the Great Recession
B.the decline of working­age Americans' interstate migration
C.the reduction in the number of working­age Americans
D.Americans' tendency to remain mobile
【小题5】How do American employers deal with the aging workforce according to the passage?
A.By sticking to their previous policies.B.By adjusting to it.
C.By improving their employees' job skills.D.By raising employment standard.
【小题6】As to the current situation of Americans migration, the author might feel ________.
A.curiousB.strangeC.confusedD.disappointed
2019·江苏南通·一模
知识点:社会问题与社会现象 答案解析 【答案】很抱歉,登录后才可免费查看答案和解析!
类题推荐

The coronavirus has been a catalyst for change in many areas of our lives. As things return to normal, one thing that is likely to remain for many is the practice of working from home, known as telecommuting.

Much like the cloud classroom, the cloud office enables employees to cooperate, access resources and operate software from any location. Without doubt, communication tools play an important role. Video and voice chat allow a team, regardless of location, to work together as if they're in the same office.

The rise of telecommuting is due in part to time-tracking applications and software that allows employers to monitor productivity. Wechat Work and Work Examiner are all popular options that have been adopted by thousands of companies. These tools make employers feel secure that remote workers are staying on task. As an increasingly popular approach to work, the objective of the cloud office is to find the ideal balance between home and office work.

According to CNBC, a study showed that 85 percent of millennials(千禧一代)preferred working from home as it gives them a healthier work-life balance, flexible hours and more autonomy. It also showed that firms could save $ 11,000per person each year by allowing employees to work from home.

However, not everyone sees this revolution as positive. According to Bloomberg, in a survey of 1,001 US workers, 45 percent felt burnt out due to the increased workload, decreased communication and the requirement to juggle(兼顾)professional and personal life.

There has indeed been a mixed reaction to the move amid the pandemic.

It's believed that it will become more manageable once lockdown measures are fully lifted worldwide. And by then, who knows what tasks we could all achieve from the comfort of our sofas?

【小题1】Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the first paragraph?
A.disaster.B.motivation.
C.cause.D.disease.
【小题2】Which of the following statements is NOT true about working from home?
A.Employers hold different opinions towards telecommuting.
B.The purpose of working from home is to help achieve work-life balance.
C.Working from home can help employers spend less on human resources.
D.Software that enables workers to monitor work gains increasing popularity.
【小题3】What do we know about the author's position on telecommuting in the future?
A.Positive.B.Negative.
C.Neutral.D.Unclear.

Carri Kessler and her husband Will named their daughter Ottilie after a friend from the U. K, who helped them a lot. However, right after their baby girl was born, the couple noticed a big problem. “No one could remember her name and no one could pronounce it. We’re going to keep having to introduce her!” Kessler told Today.com.

The situation then grew worse as Kessler’s grandmother admitted to sticking Post-It notes around the house to help remind her of Ottilie’s name which can be pronounced either Ott-ill-ee or Oh- TEEL-ya. Three months after Ottilie was born, the Kesslers have decided to legally change their daughter’s name. The couple came up with two possible names. They then settled on Margot after talking to a name expert.

The Kesslers’ situation is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience the same as the Kesslers. According to Baby Center Canada, 11% of its users wish they could change their children’s names due to being over popular, mispronounced or simply unfitting. Parents care a lot more and think a lot more about names now than their parents.

To deal with this, a number of name experts now offer services to help parents choose the right name. Couples have also sought help from the Internet to choose their baby’ name. However, parents can change their child’s name in the event that they regret their choice. In Canada, the rules vary in each province. For instance, in Ontario, the child must have lived in the province for the past 12 months, or since birth if under the age of one. Each of the child’s legal guardians (监护人) must also give permission.

【小题1】Why did Kessler and her husband name their daughter Ottilie?
A.It was very special and unusual.
B.It was at the request at their mother.
C.It was recommended by a name expert.
D.It could remind them of their British friend.
【小题2】What’s the function of the example about the Kesslers?
A.To ask for advice on their situation.
B.To introduce the topic of the text.
C.To show the background of the text.
D.To stress the importance of a suitable name.
【小题3】What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A.The Kessler’s experience is no exception.
B.Unfitness is the main reason for changing names.
C.11% of Canadians are unsatisfied with their babies’ names.
D.Parents always pay more attention to children’s names.
【小题4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.Rules for name change.B.Ways to name babies.
C.Baby name regret.D.A couple’s anxiety.

How would you feel if you were invited to the moon? If you found a gold coin, would you save it, give it to charity or use it for a holiday? Personality quizzes of this kind, known as “psychometrics”, have bothered many job seekers. Now, it is being applied to the oldest problem in finance: will a borrower repay?

In rich countries, lenders use credit scores to weigh risk. But just 7% of Africans and 13% of South Asians are covered by credit bureaus (征信机构). Bailey Klinger of the Entrepreneurial Finance Lab (EFL), which explores new kinds of credit data, argues that psychometrics could include many more people in the financial system. Everyone has a personality, after all.

Judging character is not new. Psychometrics attempts to make it a science. The model developed by EFL has undergone many tests and adapted to different cultures. Its collected data reflect something unnoticed. For instance, young optimists are risky, but old ones are a safe bet.

Clever design cuts cheating. There are no obvious right answers; responses are cross-checked for consistency. The model monitors mouse movements for signs of indecision or distraction. When borrowers lie to get a loan, they often do so in predictable ways. In an EFL test, people are shown pictures of five drinks and asked which one they would be. Choosing water over something with small bubbles may be a sign of cheating.

This sounds fanciful, but there is evidence that it works. In one Indonesian bank, combining psychometrics with existing customer data cut default (违约) rates for small businesses by 45%. A study by the World Bank found that EFL’s model increased lending to those without a credit history.

The technique needs further development. At present, turning to credit bureaus is still the best way to tell if somebody will repay a loan. But bureaus improve more slowly than technology. Lenders will find ever more ways to look into their customers’ souls.

【小题1】What are the figures intended to show in the second paragraph?
A.Racial discrimination from lenders.
B.Uncertain property of poor people.
C.Great risks brought by credit scores.
D.Current weakness of credit bureaus.
【小题2】What can we learn about EFL’s model in the third paragraph?
A.It has been greatly improved.
B.Its data confirm some ideas.
C.Its effects vary with cultures.
D.It can’t tell character exactly.
【小题3】What does “mouse movements” refer to in the fourth paragraph?
A.Borrowers’ responses.B.Lenders’ answers.
C.Pictures of five drinks.D.Drinks with bubbles.
【小题4】What does the last paragraph imply about psychometrics in finance?
A.It will replace credit bureaus.
B.It will be mature in the future.
C.It has won most lenders’ love.
D.It is far from satisfactory.

组卷网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不能确保所有知识产权权属清晰,如您发现相关试题侵犯您的合法权益,请联系组卷网