Why Stand in Line on Black Friday?
Standing in line is a pain. At the post office. At the box office. At a restaurant.
“These queues are quite different than the usual annoying ones we come across day to day at the ATM or in the subway,” said Richard Larson, a professor at MIT who has spent years studying line behavior. “Once a year,” he said, “the lines are exciting. They’re the kind you might tell your grandchildren about.”
A.Shoppers are excited to buy gifts. |
B.But on Black Friday, it’s an experience. |
C.Moreover, the crowds are queuing for good deals. |
D.Many families are queuing to chat with each other. |
E.The experience gave her a sense of accomplishment. |
F.They are trying to turn the experience into an adventure. |
G.The behaviour of people in lines has inspired decades of research. |
Earth Hour is a yearly event which asks people to turn off all lights and use no electricity (电) for an hour. The aim is to get people to think about the planet they live on and the energy they use.
What is Earth Hour?
Earth Hour is a yearly activity that encourages people and businesses around the world to turn off electricity at the same time for one hour. Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007 when 2.2 million people in the city of Sydney turned off all unnecessary lights for an hour. Since then it has grown to a large worldwide event. In2013, millions of people in 7,000 cities and towns around the world turned off their lights for 60 minutes at the end of March. Everyyear landmarks and well-known buildings around the world take part and “go dark”for Earth Hour.
Who organises Earth Hour?
Earth Hour is organised by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). It was started by Andy Ridley, who is in charge of this activity in WWF. He came up with the idea of Earth Hour because he wanted to raise awareness of environmental problems by asking people to do something good to help the planet. Turning off the lights for an hour can make a small difference to the amount of energy we use, but Earth Hour is also a representative event to make people think about the problems of climate change.
Why March?
The end of March is around the time when day and night are of equal length in the northern and southern hemispheres (半球), so sunset times in both hemispheres are at similar times. This means that a worldwide “lights out” event has most visual impact at this time of year.
【小题1】What are people asked to do in Earth Hour?A.Care for their businesses. |
B.Use no electricity for an hour. |
C.Turn off the lights during the day. |
D.Think about the buildings they live in. |
A.Earth Hour takes place twice a year. |
B.Earth Hour is only popular in Sydney. |
C.Earth Hour began in Australia in 2007. |
D.In 2013, 2.2 million people took part in Earth Hour. |
A.make people become more environmentally aware. |
B.be in total charge of the World Wide Fund for Nature. |
C.ask people to do something good only for themselves. |
D.call on people to turn off all the lights in their houses. |
A.the length of day and night |
B.the visual impact of the event |
C.the sunset times around the world |
D.the places in the southern hemisphere |
A.To explain the reason for climate change. |
B.To take in more volunteers for Earth Hour. |
C.To introduce a yearly event of energy saving. |
D.To present the achievements brought by Earth Hour. |
The day following Thanksgiving — commonly referred to as Black Friday — has become one of the busiest shopping days of the year in the United States.
It is believed by many that the term Black Friday comes from the concept that businesses operate at a financial loss, or are “in the red,” until the day after Thanksgiving, when massive sales finally allow them to turn a profit, or put them “in the black.” However, this is untrue.
A more accurate explanation of the term dates back to the early 1960s, when police officers in Philadelphia began using the phrase “Black Friday” to describe the mess that resulted when large numbers of suburban tourists came into the city to begin their holiday shopping and, in some years, attend Saturday’s annual Army-Navy football game. The huge crowds created a headache for the police, who worked longer than usual as they dealt with traffic jams, accidents, shoplifting, and other issues.
Within a few years, the term Black Friday had taken root in Philadelphia. City businessmen attempted to put a prettier face on the day by calling it “Big Friday.”
In more recent years, Black Friday has been followed by other shopping holidays, including Small Business Saturday, which encourages shoppers to visit local retailers, and Cyber Monday, which promotes shopping online. Giving Tuesday has also appeared to encourage charitable donations.
Historically, Black Friday has yet another meaning, one unrelated to shopping. In 1869 Wall Street financiers Jay Gould and Jim Fisk attempted to corner (垄断) the nation’s gold market at the New York Gold Exchange. On Friday, September 24, the government’s control caused their plan to fall apart, making thousands of Americans lose all their money.
【小题1】What is the origin of the term Black Friday?A.Stores offered limited cheaper specials on all kinds of goods. |
B.Businesses made money, which was “in the black.” |
C.Suburban tourists made the policemen’s work harder. |
D.Friday became the biggest shopping day in America. |
A.On this day businessmen make big money. | B.Customers buy a lot of goods this day. |
C.City businessmen want to have prettier faces. | D.Businessmen want to make the day sound lovely. |
A.To call on people to make some donations for charity. |
B.To encourage shoppers to visit local retailers. |
C.To boost the development of online shopping. |
D.To improve the profits and make the economy better. |
A.When Is Black Friday Celebrated? | B.How Did Black Friday Get Its Name? |
C.Where Was Black Friday Celebrated? | D.What Are the Types of Shopping Holidays? |
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on January 1st. People may go to parties, dress in formal clothes -- like tuxedos (小礼服) and evening gowns, and drink champagne at midnight. During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise.
It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year’s promise, called a resolution. New Year’s resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh (again). Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats , the more good luck the person will have in the year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas (豇豆) for good luck -- but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
【小题1】Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?
A.The passage doesn’t say. | B.Spain. |
C.France. | D.The United States. |
A.Something you say. | B.Something you eat. |
C.Something you burn. | D.Something you wear. |
A.Bringing good luck. |
B.Remembering the past. |
C.Planning for the next year. |
D.Keeping away from bad luck. |
A.Black-eyed peas taste bad. |
B.The peas are very difficult to cook. |
C.One pea brings one day of luck. |
D.It is bad luck to eat a lot of black-eyed peas. |
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