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With self-service facilities – supermarkets, to name one – beginning to appear all the time, we’re now relying on integrity more than ever.


Integrity – the quality of doing the right thing no matter if anyone is watching or not – has been highly valued in China since ancient times. And the phrase“立木取信”probably best explains how integrity works in the relationship between people and the ruling of a nation.

This phrase comes from the Warring States period (475-221 BC), during which China wasn’t yet a unified country and was constantly at war. States carried out reforms to make themselves stronger, with the most thorough and influential one being the reform of the State of Qin, introduced by statesman Shang Yang (395-338 BC).

Shang’s reform focused on farming and giving rewards to soldiers who fought hard during wars. But at first, people had little trust and confidence in Shang.

So he decided to prove himself by putting a wooden pole at the south gate of the capital of Qin, offering those who took the pole to the north gate a reward of 10 gold pieces, before long raising it to 50. When a man did as he said, Shang paid him 50 gold pieces as promised. Word soon spread, and people began to realize that Shang was a man of his word. The reforms were finally pushed forward.

Today, integrity still plays an important role in Chinese society, which is why it’s included as one of the 12 core socialist values in China.

China is also planning to build a social credit system by the year 2020, which will keep citizens’ misbehaviors –- even minor traffic violations – on record, so that trust can be established among people.

“Without a system, a conman can commit a crime in one place and then do the same thing again in another place. But a credit system puts people’s past history on the record. It’ll build a better and fairer society,”explained Wen Quan, a blogger who writes about technology and finance, to BBC News.

【小题1】How long has integrity been valued in China? (within 5 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【小题2】Please use one sentence to explain the phrase “立木取信”(within 15 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【小题3】What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase“a man of his word”? (within 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【小题4】What is China planning to do to achieve integrity? (within 15 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【小题5】Why is integrity so important? (within 20 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
2019·天津河东·一模
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I was brought up in the British, stiff upper lip style. Strong feelings aren’t something you display in public. So, you can imagine that I was unprepared for the outpouring of public grief at a Chinese funeral.
My editorial team leader died recently after a short illness. He was 31. The news was so unexpected that it left us all shocked and upset. A female colleague burst into tears and cried piteously at her desk. Somehow we got through the day's work. The next day was the funeral.
Our big boss stepped forward to deliver a eulogy(悼词) and was soon in tears. She carried on, in Chinese of course, but at the end said in English: "There will be no more deadlines for you in heaven." Next came a long-term colleague who also dissolved in tears but carried on with her speech despite being almost overcome by emotion. Then a close friend of the dead man paid tribute, weeping openly as he spoke. Sorrow is spreading. Me and women were now sobbing uncontrollably. Finally, the man's mother, supported between two women, addressed her son in his coffin. She almost collapsed and had to be held up. We were invited to step forward to each lay a white rose on the casket. Our dead colleague looked as if he was taking a nap. At the end of the service I walked away from the funeral parlor stunned at the outpouring of emotion.
In the UK, families grieve privately and then try to hold it together and not break down at a funeral. Here in China it would seem that grieving is a public affair. It strikes me that it is more cathartic to cry your eyes out than try to keep it bottled up for fear of embarrassment, which is what many of us do in the West.
Afterwards, a Chinese colleague told me that the lamenting at the funeral had been restrained(克制) by Chinese standards. In some rural areas, she said, people used to be paid to mourn noisily. This struck me like something out of novel by Charles Dickens. But we have all seen on TV scenes of grief-stricken people in Gaza and the West Bank, in Afghanistan, Iraq and the relatives of victims of terrorist bombings around the world. Chinese grief is no different. I realized that it's the reserved British way of mourning that is out of step with the rest of the world.
【小题1】At the funeral, ________.
A.five individuals made speeches
B.the boss’s speech was best thought of
C.the writer was astonished by the scene
D.everyone was crying out loudly
【小题2】According to the writer, people in the West ________.
A.prefer to control their sadness in public
B.cry their eyes out at the public funeral
C.are not willing to be sad for the dead
D.have better way to express sadness
【小题3】It is implied that ________.
A.Chinese express their sadness quite unlike other peoples
B.the English might cry noisily for the dead in Dickens’ time
C.victims of terrorist bombings should be greatly honored
D.English funeral culture is more civilized than the others
【小题4】This passage talks mainly about_______.
A.an editor’s deathB.funeral customs
C.cultural differencesD.western ways of grief

Have you ever wondered that the food you eat everyday can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? 【小题1】 There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.

【小题2】 It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate foods from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.

On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. 【小题3】. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.

Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. 【小题4】 Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.

We should embrace our heritage(传统)through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. 【小题5】

A.Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
B.On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture.
C.The smell and taste of the food is very familiar to me.
D.It also operates as an expression of culture identity.
E.Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.
F.Do you ever ask yourself why certain foods or cooking traditions are so important to your culture?
G.As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access foods from different cultures.

In November 2016, two influential art curators(艺术策展人)threw a memorable party in Shanghai. The hosts — Linyao Kiki Liu, and Klaus Biesenbach, — picked an unusual place for the great event: a repaired underground bomb shelter. That night it was filled mostly with an oversea crowd that had flown in to celebrate the art event. Shanghai seemed determined to present itself as a new centre of the art world.

Chinese contemporary art was actually born in Beijing. In 1979, soon after the country began rolling out economic reforms, a small group of artists held an unofficial exhibition, which lasted just two days but the seed for China’s grass roots arts movement was sown. By the early 2000s the 798 arts district in the north-east of the city was becoming a vital destination for international dealers and curators. Now Shanghai is competing with Beijing to become China’s cultural capital.

Shanghai’s initial embrace of art was restricted. Beginning in the early 2000s, a few local galleries supported a scattering of artists. There were no more than a handful of museums. The prospect of hosting Expo 2010 helped motivate Shanghai’s local government to encourage property developers to launch an ambitious urban-regeneration programme that would reframe the city as a cultural hub. At the heart of this renewal was West Bund, a 9.4km belt of Shanghai riverside, whose old industrial buildings and former airport were to be repurposed under the declaration “Culture First, Industry Oriented”.

In 2014 two landmark contemporary-art museums opened there — the Long Museum and Yuz Museum. The same year also saw the introduction of Le Freeport West Bund, a warehouse built to help the tax-free import, export and storage of artworks, a prime example of the city’s market-friendliness.

The inflow of collectors triggered by the series of events presented an important opportunity for galleries to hold exhibitions, unveil new spaces and host parties. Much of the activity took place in the newest art facilities — West Bund and the Power Station of Art.

All the glamour, though, cannot mask the concern felt by some artists and gallerists in Shanghai. Does projecting the city as such a high-end, outward-looking hub risk endangering some of other important corners of the city? Rapid gentrification(中产阶级化)is already forcing many small businesses, like the family-run noodle joints and the bicycle-repair shops, to close down. And indeed,   the art party, Shelter, is due to close after the Culture Bureau refused to renew its lease(租约).

This upgrading of the city is already affecting the arts sector. Rising rents — a direct outcome of urban redevelopment—have made the production of art in Shanghai difficult, forcing artists to the city’s fringes, and beyond. It risks crushing the kind of grass roots, artist-led initiatives on which so much of China’s contemporary art was founded. The shift also affects galleries. Three of the city’s most important names — MadeIn Gallery, Aike Dellarco and ShanghART — have relocated this year from Shanghai’s original art hub, M50, to West Bund. Their departure will mean fewer visitors to M50’s remaining lower-tier, entry-level galleries for whom a move to West Bund is out of the question. If M50 struggles, that may affect new artists seeking representation in the city.

The cultural transformation of Shanghai has been astonishing. But it risks threatening the kind of complex and sustainable engagement that a lively arts sector needs. If local government can encourage affordable spaces for young artists and help promote a climate where artists and art professionals can prosper, then this most dynamic of cities might truly have it all.

【小题1】“Linyao Kiki Liu, and Klaus Biesenbach” are mentioned at the beginning of the passage to show that _____.
A.Shanghai has been racing to become China’s cultural capital.
B.Shanghai encourages property developers to build museums.
C.Shanghai is appealing to more celebrities(名人)to go sight-seeing.
D.Shanghai has beaten Beijing in holding art exhibitions.
【小题2】The underlined phrase “roll out” in Paragraph 2 has the closest meaning to the one in _____.
A.“We’ll give her some VIP treatment and roll out the red carpet”.
B.“He let a couple of golden apples roll out from under the basket”.
C.“Then it was time to roll out of bed and line up for breakfast”.
D.“We have rolled out an improvement initiative across our organization”.
【小题3】According to the author’s introduction, we can learn that _____.
A.the 798 arts district in Shanghai has already attracted many international dealers.
B.Shanghai has adopted preferential tax policies in West Bund to inspire cultural industry.
C.the prospect of contemporary art in Shanghai is greatly determined by Expo 2010.
D.more art enthusiasts will go and appreciate high quality art exhibitions in M50.
【小题4】The upgrading of Shanghai may have negative effects on the following corners EXCEPT _____.
A.local galleriesB.new artists
C.Culture BureauD.bicycle-repair shops
【小题5】What is the author’s attitude towards contemporary art in Shanghai?
A.Critical.B.Optimistic.
C.Subjective.D.Indifferent.
【小题6】In which section of a magazine might the article appear?
A.Global business.B.Finance and economics.
C.Books and arts.D.The world this week.

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